Table 4.
Parental sleep reports (SF-CSHQ) in typically developing children and participants with giftedness.
| TDC (n = 52) | Gifted (n = 60) | t | df | P | Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± SD | mean ± SD | |||||
| Bedtime resistance | 6.22 ± 1.86 | 7.37 ± 2.31 | −2.833 | 108 | .006 | 0.43 |
| Sleep onset latency | 1.31 ± 0.64 | 1.73 ± 0.82 | −3.021 | 110 | .003 | 0.57 |
| Sleep duration | 3.81 ± 1.24 | 3.75 ± 1.23 | 0.247 | 110 | .805 | 0.05 |
| Sleep anxiety | 5.18 ± 1.63 | 5.33 ± 1.84 | −0.471 | 109 | .638 | 0.09 |
| Night awakenings | 3.52 ± 0.85 | 3.95 ± 1.40 | −1.935 | 110 | .048 | 0.37 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 9.72 ± 2.32 | 9.63 ± 2.19 | 0.201 | 108 | .841 | 0.04 |
| Total | 27.17 ± 5.22 | 29.55 ± 6.12 | −2.144 | 106 | .034 | 0.42 |
The table shows mean ± SD, results from independent samples t-tests and Cohen’s d as a measure of effect size. df = degrees of freedom, SF-CSHQ = short-form version of the Children’s Sleep Habit Questionnaire, TDC = typically developing children.