Table 2.
Scale measurement results of the participants (n = 794)
| Variables | n | % | mean | SD | IQR | Not a barrier |
% | Somewhat of a barrier |
% | Significant barrier |
% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TIC provider survey | ||||||||||||
| Knowledge | 28.6 | 2.9 | 29 (27–30) | |||||||||
| Opinions | 16.4 | 2.4 | 17 (15–18) | |||||||||
| Self-rated competence | 9.3 | 4.3 | 10 (7–10) | |||||||||
| Practices | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3 (0–7) | |||||||||
| Barriers | 1. Time constraints | 129 | 16.2 | 454 | 57.2 | 211 | 26.6 | |||||
| 2. Scope of practice constraints | 153 | 19.3 | 462 | 58.2 | 179 | 22.5 | ||||||
| 3. Lack of training | 182 | 23.0 | 464 | 58.4 | 148 | 18.6 | ||||||
| 4. Confusing or unclear information on trauma informed care | 131 | 16.5 | 489 | 61.6 | 174 | 21.9 | ||||||
| 5. Worry about further upsetting or traumatizing patients | 155 | 19.5 | 498 | 62.7 | 141 | 17.8 | ||||||
| ARTIC-10 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 4.2 (4-4.7) | |||||||||
| J-MSQ2018 | 37.5 | 10.5 | 39 (32–44) | |||||||||
| PHQ-9 | 4.1 | 5.4 | 2 (0–6) | |||||||||
| GAD-7 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 1 (0–4) | |||||||||
| SUB | 27.6 | 7.7 | 27 (22–32) | |||||||||
| NAQ-R | 27.9 | 13.1 | 22 (21–27) |
Note: TIC provider survey: Japanese version of the Trauma-Informed Care Provider Survey; ARTIC-10: The short version of Attitude-related Trauma-Informed Care Scale; J-MSQ_2018: The Japanese version of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire 2018; PHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire-9; GAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7; SUB: Stress Underestimation Beliefs; NAQ-R: Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised
ARTIC-10 consists of 10 items with a 7-point bipolar Likert scale, asking about attitudes towards TIC on their job, during the previous two months. The mean scores ranged from 1 to 7. Higher scores indicate a more favorable attitude towards TIC
The J-MSQ_2018 consists of 10 items with a 6-point scale, ranging from 1 (total disagreement) to 6 (total agreement). The total scores ranged from 10 to 60. Higher scores indicate higher moral sensitivity
The PHQ-9 consists of 9 items, rated on a 4-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total scores ranged from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms
The GAD-7 consists of 7 items, rated on a 4-point scale, from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The total scores ranged from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more severe symptoms of anxiety
The SUB consists of 12 items, with a 4-point scale, ranging from 1 (not applicable) to 4 (applicable). The total scores ranged from 12 to 48. Higher scores indicate greater stress underestimation beliefs
The NAQ-R consists of 23 items, with a 5-point scale, ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (daily). The total scores ranged from 23 to 115. Higher scores indicate more workplace bullying. In this study, we could not use two items that asked about violence or abuse in the workplace and perception of workplace bullying because these questions were assumed to be too sensitive for participants and the research company refused to include them. Therefore, we used 21 items of the NAQ-R and summed the total score, which could have ranged from 21 to 105 in this study