Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (imputed sample, n = 6,934)
| Total sample (n = 6,934) | Males (n = 3,453) | Females (n = 3,481) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean or % (SE) | Mean or % (SE) | Mean or % (SE) | |
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Ethnicity (non‐white) a | 4.1% (0.25) | 4.2% (0.36) | 4.0% (0.35) |
| Parental social class b | |||
| Lowest parental social class codes iv and v (“manual” partly skilled and unskilled occupations) | 4.4% (0.26) | 3.8% (0.35) | 4.9% (0.39) |
| Code iii (“manual” and “non‐manual” skilled occupations) | 35.4% (0.60) | 35.6% (0.84) | 35.2% (0.84) |
| Code ii (“non‐manual” managerial and technical occupations) | 45.0% (0.62) | 45.1% (0.88) | 44.9% (0.87) |
| Highest parental social class code i (“non‐manual” professional occupations) | 15.2% (0.44) | 15.5% (0.63) | 15.0% (0.62) |
| Lowest parental income quintile c | 15.8% (0.46) | 16.2% (0.66) | 15.5% (0.65) |
| Maternal education d | |||
| No high school qualification (vocational or less) | 22.0% (0.51) | 22.2% (0.72) | 21.9% (0.71) |
| High school (O level) | 34.9% (0.58) | 35.6% (0.83) | 34.3% (0.82) |
| Beyond high school (A level or degree) | 43.0% (0.60) | 42.2% (0.85) | 43.8% (0.85) |
| Father absence (any) e | 21.5% (0.51) | 21.5% (0.72) | 21.5% (0.73) |
| Exposure | |||
| Emotional dysregulation (rescaled) f (range 0–6) | 1.60 (0.013) | 1.69 (0.018) | 1.52 (0.018) |
| Mediators | |||
| Social cognition (range 0–23) | 2.76 (0.045) | 3.16 (0.065) | 2.36 (0.062) |
| Emotion recognition (range 0–21) | 4.60 (0.034) | 4.80 (0.048) | 4.40 (0.048) |
| Bully victimisation (range 0–22) | 1.81 (0.036) | 1.78 (0.051) | 1.84 (0.049) |
| Outcomes | |||
| Disordered eating | 21.7% (0.68) | 9.4% (0.80) | 33.9% (1.04) |
| Self‐harm | 10.4% (0.49) | 5.6% (0.60) | 15.3% (0.76) |
SE, standard error of the estimated mean or proportion.
Reported by maternal questionnaire in pregnancy.
Defined as highest parental occupation on 1991 British Office of Population and Census Statistics job codes reported during pregnancy.
Defined as average weekly household disposable income measured via maternal questionnaire at 33 and 37 months, divided into quintiles and re‐scaled to account for estimated housing benefits, family size, and composition (Gregg, Propper, & Washbrook, 2007). The lowest category indicates proportions for the lowest quintile.
Highest maternal educational qualification reported by mothers during pregnancy.
Any absence of child's father reported by mothers at ages 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 10 years.
Emotional dysregulation was rescaled (by a factor of 4) for the analyses.