Table 1.

Mitral valve prolapse phenotypes with increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias and/or sudden cardiac death.

		References
Clinical presentation	Syncope: 35% of MVP with malignant VAs or SCD	(8, 10)
Echocardiography	MR severity Severe MR: increased risk of SCD Reduced LV systolic function: LVEF ≤ 50%- increased risk of SCD Bileaflet myxomatous MVP: increased risk of VAs independent of MR severity MAD: increased risk of malignant Vas	(6) (6) (9) (9, 11)
Electrocardiography	T wave inversion in inferior and lateral leads: 65% of MVP with malignant Vas	(3, 8, 9)
Holter monitoring	Non-sustained VT runs ≥180 beats/min and/or history of sustained VT/VF: increased risk of mortality	(9)
Cardiac MRI	Replacement fibrosis in infero-basal wall and/or at the level of papillary muscle: increased risk of complex VAs	(3, 8, 10, 12, 13)
Genetics	Filamine C variant: increased risk of VAs	(14)

LV, left ventricle; MAD, mitral annular disjunction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MVP, mitral-valve prolapse; VF, ventricular fibrillation; VT, ventricular tachycardia.