Table 1.
Comprehensive review on Industry 4.0 in the pharma sector
| Technology | Application | Country | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| •Internet of Things (IoT) | • Used in the management of the positions of inventory in hospital pharmacy racks | New Zealand | Mostofi & Jain (2021) |
| •Adaptive robotics | •Used in price deduction, decreasing the interval in operations and manufacturing time | India | Sisodia & Jindal (2021) |
| •Cloud technologies | •Enhances the ability of the service of manufacturing systems for information-driven conclusions | ||
| •3D printing | •Introduce more complicated medication profiles to decrease side effects and improves drug compliance | United Kingdom | Ding (2018) |
| •Artificial intelligence (AI) | •Used to replace human visual inquiry of packaging caps and vials by using machine vision technology | United States | Arden et al. (2021) |
| •Digitization | •Involves knowledge about variability of raw materials and worldwide tracking of materials across facilities | ||
| •Cloud-based big data analysis | •Drug consumers’ orders might be studied for fine-grain research of pharmaceutical sector trend | China | Wan et al. (2019) |
| •Big data analysis | •It assembles and stores of massive amount of data at high speed | Portugal | Silva et al. (2020) |
| •Robotics | •Robotics reduces the exposure of operators to repetitive processes and biological risk | ||
| •Artificial intelligence (AI) | •AI provides complicated models for predictions and conclusion-making based on developed algorithm study | ||
| •Digitization | •Statistical process is used in measuring and evaluation of stability of process and process ability | Rezeoa (2021) | |
| •Augmented and virtual reality | •In manufacturing industries to solve hurdles related to changing needs from customers and suppliers | Cork | Reinhardt et al. (2020) |
| •3D printing | •Used in fabricating solid oral dosage form, customized products, and advanced objects with developed characteristics and complicated, lightweight design | ||
| •Digital twin and simulation | •Real-time simulation with digital twin is used for examining and procedure optimization before the task is being commanded, thereby driving down machine setup time and enhancing quality | ||
| •Metrology and sensing technology | •This technology motivated the advancement of dedicated solutions and the emergence of profile monitoring | Portugal | Reis & Gins (2017) |
| •Internet of Things (IoT) | •IoT is used to connect more instruments and semifinished products, to link with each other through standard technologies to take benefits of integrated information processing | Turkey | Bianchi et al. (2019) |
| •Big data analysis | •It is used for decreasing price, improving conclusion-making, enhancing products and services | ||
| •Autonomous robot | •Used to analyze, pick, pack, sort, make, examine, or transfer materials of different sizes and weights quickly and more efficiently than ever | ||
| •Cyber security | •Used to prevent disruption of large data network caused by intelligent manufacturing systems, data sharing, and virus | ||
| •Artificial intelligence (AI) | •Used to simulate human intelligence and cognition to study and interpret comprehensive complicated healthcare and medical data | Turkey | Sisodia & Jindal (2021) |
| •Smart sensors | •Used to recognize materials and measure processes, which may be embedded or installed in machines, products, tools, collecting stations, logistic vehicles, etc | Italy | Chiarini (2021) |
| •Collaborative robot (Cobots) | •Cobots allow closer work between humans and robots and are naturally secured | ||
| •Additive manufacturing | •It permits the layer-upon-layer production of a 3D object from a digital file |