Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 May 2:1–35. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s43630-023-00370-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 7 — Conceptual model of inactivation mechanisms by solar radiation in viruses and bacteria. The direct mechanism involves photon absorption by viral or bacterial proteins or nucleic acids (orange stars), which triggers their photodegradation. In indirect mechanisms, the photon is absorbed by a sensitiser (Sens) present either inside (endogenous) or outside (exogenous) the pathogen. This process generates photochemically produced reactive intermediates (PPRIs) that include, among others, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and triplet excited states that further damage the pathogen’s proteins and nucleic acids (orange stars). Green shapes represent proteins. Modified from [78]