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. 2023 Apr 17;14:1148954. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148954

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Copyright © 2023 Coulter, Greenway, Zhang, Ghosh, Coulter, James, He, Cusimano and Rebello

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Pro-vitamin A carotenoids and NR act synergistically to elevate levels of UCP1 mRNAs Adipocytes from 4 donors with obesity were treated for seven days with vehicle (control) or 8µM NR and 2µM carotenoids. (A) NR+BC (B) NR+Lutein (C) NR+Lycopene mRNA levels were measured using quantitative RTPCR. Data is expressed in least squares means ± standard error. Synergy for mRNA was calculated as: sum of differences ((NR- Control) + (BC - Control)) vs (NRBC - Control). *p < 0.001 for synergy, sum of differences versus NRBC. NR, naringenin; BC, beta carotene.