Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics Stratified by PVR Phenotype
| Characteristic | Total Cohort (N = 2422) |
PH-PVR (N = 1026) |
Normal PVR (N = 1396) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 65.2 ± 14.4 | 65.1 ± 14.1 | 65.3 ± 14.7 | 0.69 |
| Women | 1089 (45.0%) | 541 (52.7%) | 548 (39.3%) | <0.001 |
| White | 1684 (70.0) | 639 (62.8) | 1045 (75.3) | <0.001 |
| Black | 636 (26.4) | 333 (32.7) | 303 (21.8) | |
| Other | 85 (3.5) | 45 (4.4) | 40 (2.9) | |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 58.2 ± 24.9 | 57.2 ± 24.5 | 58.9 ± 25.1 | 0.10 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 7.2 | 29.2 ± 7.3 | 29.8 ± 7.1 | 0.05 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | 132.5 ± 22.4 | 132.3 ± 22.5 | 132.7 ± 22.3 | 0.71 |
| Heart Rate (bpm) | 82.7 ± 23.4 | 84.6 ± 22.2 | 81.2 ± 24.1 | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 12.1 ± 2.1 | 12.2 ± 2.1 | 12.0 ± 2.2 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 1545 (63.8%) | 648 (63.2%) | 897 (64.3%) | 0.61 |
| CKD | 1393 (57.5%) | 608 (59.3%) | 785 (56.2%) | 0.15 |
| Heart failure | 2123 (87.7%) | 912 (88.9%) | 1211 (86.8%) | 0.13 |
| Diabetes | 721 (29.8%) | 328 (32.0%) | 393 (28.2%) | 0.05 |
| COPD | 14 (0.6%) | 3 (0.3%) | 11 (0.8%) | 0.19 |
| OSA | 222 (9.2%) | 89 (8.7%) | 133 (9.5%) | 0.52 |
| SLE | 25 (1.0%) | 14 (1.4%) | 11 (0.8%) | 0.24 |
| Scleroderma | 2 (0.9%) | 14 (1.4%) | 8 (0.6%) | 0.07 |
| TAPSE (cm) | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 0.5 | 1.8 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
| TRV (m/s) | 3.1 ± 0.7 | 3.3 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| LVEF (IQR) | 50.0 (30.0) | 48.0 (31.0) | 50.0 (29.0) | 0.07 |
| Right Atrial Pressure (mmHg) | <0.001 | |||
| 3 | 1142 (49.7%) | 388 (39.5%) | 754 (57.4%) | |
| 8 | 528 (23.0%) | 254 (25.8%) | 274 (20.9%) | |
| 15 | 627 (27.3%) | 341 (34.7%) | 286 (21.8%) | |
| Left atrial dimension (cm) | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.8 | 0.32 |
| Diastolic Dysfunction | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 92 (6.9%) | 28 (5.0%) | 64 (8.2%) | |
| Grade 1 | 656 (49.1%) | 246 (44.2%) | 656 (49.1%) | |
| Grade 2 | 135 (10.1%) | 47 (8.5%) | 91 (11.3%) | |
| Grades 3–4 | 452 (33.9%) | 235 (42.3%) | 223 (27.7%) | |
| RV function | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 1347 (55.8%) | 401 (39.2%) | 946 (68.0%) | |
| Mild decrease | 522 (21.6%) | 263 (25.7%) | 259 (18.6%) | |
| Moderate decrease | 392 (16.2%) | 257 (25.1%) | 135 (9.7%) | |
| Severe decrease | 155 (6.4%) | 103 (10.1%) | 52 (3.7%) | |
| RV dimension, mid (cm) | 3.2 ± 0.9 | 3.4 ± 0.9 | 3.0 ± 0.9 | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; bpm, beats per minute; CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; TAPSE, tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion; TRV, tricuspid regurgitant velocity; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, right ventricular.