Table 2.

Association of Clinical Parameters and Echocardiography Measurements with PH-PVR Phenotype

Characteristic	OR (95% CI)	P-value	aORa (95% CI)	P-value
Age (per year)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	0.69	N/A	N/A
Women	1.73 (1.47–2.03)	<0.001	N/A	N/A
Race
White	1 (ref)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Black	1.80 (1.50–2.16)	<0.001	N/A	N/A
Other	1.84 (1.19–2.86)	0.006	N/A	N/A
BMI (per kg/m2)	0.99 (0.98–1.00)	0.04	0.98 (0.97–0.99)	0.001
Systolic Blood Pressure (per 10 mmHg)	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	0.71	0.96 (0.92–1.00)	0.07
Heart Rate (per 10 bpm)	1.06 (1.03–1.10)	0.001	1.06 (1.02–1.10)	0.002
Hemoglobin (per 1 g/L increase)	1.07 (1.03–1.11)	<0.001	1.12 (1.08–1.17)	<0.001
TAPSE (per 1 cm increase)	0.48 (0.40–0.57)	<0.001	0.43 (0.35–0.51)	<0.001
TRV (per 1 m/s increase)	5.53 (4.51–6.85)	<0.001	5.42 (4.39–6.74)	<0.001
LVEF (per 10% increase)	0.94 (0.90–0.99)	0.03	0.89 (0.84–0.94)	<0.001
Right Atrial Pressure (mmHg)
3	1 (ref)	N/A	1 (ref)	N/A
8	1.80 (1.46–2.22)	<0.001	1.93 (1.56–2.40)	<0.001
15	2.32 (1.90–2.83)	<0.001	2.63 (2.14–3.25)	<0.001
Left atrial dimension (per 1 cm increase)	0.95 (0.86–1.04)	0.32	1.07 (0.96–1.19)	0.20
Diastolic Dysfunction
Normal	1 (ref)	N/A	1 (ref)	N/A
Grade 1	1.37 (0.86–2.23)	0.19	1.36 (0.84–2.26)	0.22
Grade 2	1.22 (0.69–2.17)	0.49	1.32 (0.74–2.40)	0.35
Grades 3–4	2.68 (1.54–4.06)	<0.001	2.94 (1.80–4.91)	<0.001
RV function
Normal	1 (ref)	N/A	1 (ref)	N/A
Mild decrease	2.40 (1.95–2.95)	<0.001	2.92 (2.34–3.65)	<0.001
Moderate decrease	4.49 (3.54–5.71)	<0.001	5.60 (4.34–7.27)	<0.001
Severe decrease	4.67 (3.44–6.69)	<0.001	5.97 (4.13–8.71)	<0.001
RV dimension, mid (cm)	1.59 (1.40–1.81)	<0.001	1.73 (1.51–1.98)	<0.001

^aAdjusted for demographics (age, race, sex), diabetes

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TAPSE, tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion; TRV, tricuspid regurgitant velocity; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, right ventricular.