Table 2.
Summary of nano organic antibacterial agents in the dental field.
| Category | Morphology | Synthesis | Antibacterial | Application | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| quaternary ammonium polyethylenimine | – | – | S. mutans and L. casei: >40% reduction;S. mutans monospecies biofilm: >60% reduction | orthodontic brackets | [83] |
| TMC-Lip-DOX NPs | a diameter of around 107.6 nm | – | bacterial biofilm: a small number of free bacteria;in vivo: the bacterial plaque decreased | good potential for use in the treatment of periodontal and other inflammatory diseases | [84] |
| catechol-functionalized chitosan and Ag NPs | homogenous esterification reaction | – | E. coli, S. aureus: adhered bacterial cell; E. coil: dead: 32.2%;S. aureus: dead: 14.3% | coatings for practical biomedical applications | [88] |
| Curcuma xanthorrhiza oil | – | sonication | S. mutans biofilm: 10 min: the lowest value of 5.72 log10 CFU mL−1 compared with distilled water (7.83 log10 CFU mL−1) and Listerine (7.52 log10 CFU mL−1), | nanoemulsion–based mouthwash | [89] |
| N-CUR@ICG- Met | a uniform shape | under ultrasonic conditions | E. faecalis biofilm: aPDT: statistically decrease; aPDT/LED < aPDT/diode | a synergistic advantage with photosensitivity | [90] |
| nCUR- ABBL | length: around 200 nm; width: 50–100 nm | – | S. mutans biofilm: 5%: 60 d: decreased 40% | an excellent ABBL additive in aPDT producer | [91] |
| chlorhexidine | particle diameter: 140 nm; pore: 2.5 nm | CHX swell and assemble to nanoparticles | S. mutans: MIC: 19.5 mg/mL; MBC: 312.5 mg/mL;E. faecalis: MIC: 156 mg/mL; MBC: 1250 mg/mL | a novel and promising anti-biofilm agent | [92] |
| SB and pure chlorhexidine | diameter: 140 nm; pore: 2.5 nm; volume: 1.0 cm3/g | SB was swelled and loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticle | S. mutans; S. sobrinus; F. nucleatum, A. actinomycetemcomitans: MIC: lower than 50 μg/mL;E. faecalis: MIC: 200 μg/mL; | potential clinical usage | [93] |
| nano cinnamon powder | – | mechanical attrition method | S. mutans: inhibition zone: 3%: 25 mm | orthodontic | [94] |
| Cinnamon modified TiO2 NPs | 10.5 nm | hydrodistillation | P. aeruginosa: large inhibition zone | potential biological applications | [95] |