Table 2.
Risk of birth defects with chemical fertilizer exposure by a two-level logistic regression model and a spatial multilevel logistic model
| Variables | Two-level logistic model, aOR (95% CI)a | Spatial multilevel logistic model, aOR (95% CI)a |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical fertilizer consumption at the village level (tons)b | ||
| <65 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≥65 | 2.06 (1.23 to 3.46) | 2.06 (1.23 to 3.47) |
a
aOR: odds ratio after adjusting for confounding factors, including maternal age and education, paternal education, parity, meat intake, milk/egg intake, cold or fever in the first trimester during pregnancy and folic acid supplementation.
b
After adjusting for confounding factors, the risk of birth defects for maternal exposure to chemical fertilizer ≥65 tons annually by two-level logistic regression and spatial multilevel logistic regression as compared with exposure to <65 tons.