Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by frequency of sleep medication use in Black and White older adults
| Characteristics mean ± SD or N (%) | Frequency of sleep medication use |
p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never or rarely (N = 2749) |
Sometimes (N = 147) |
Often or almost always (N = 172) |
||
|
| ||||
| Age | 74.1 ± 2.9 | 74.5 ± 2.8 | 74.1 ± 2.7 | 0.37 |
| Sex (female) | 1384 (50.4) | 93 (63.3) | 102 (59.3) | 0.001 |
| Education < high school | 714 (26.0) | 30 (20.4) | 30 (17.4) | 0.02 |
| Lower socioeconomic status | 1637 (62.4) | 92 (65.3) | 106 (63.9) | 0.75 |
| Current smoking | 284 (10.4) | 20 (13.6) | 14 (8.1) | 0.28 |
| >1 alcoholic drink/day | 201 (7.3) | 11 (7.5) | 14 (8.1) | 0.93 |
| Stroke history | 211 (7.8) | 15 (10.2) | 19 (11.2) | 0.18 |
| Coronary heart disease | 317 (11.5) | 17 (11.6) | 22 (12.8) | 0.88 |
| Hypertension | 1671 (60.8) | 86 (58.5) | 111 (64.5) | 0.52 |
| Diabetes | 530 (19.3) | 21 (14.3) | 22 (12.8) | 0.04 |
| Body Mass Index | 27.4 ± 4.9 | 26.8 ± 4.4 | 27.0 ± 4.6 | 0.16 |
| Energy expenditure (cal/kg/week) | 83.4 ± 69.6 | 76.3 ± 58.5 | 79.6 ± 65.9 | 0.65 |
| Depression score | 4.4 ± 5.0 | 7.9 ± 7.1 | 7.6 ± 7.3 | <0.001 |
| APOE4 genotype | 750 (28.8) | 43 (31.9) | 42 (26.1) | 0.55 |
| Sleep duration (h) | 6.9 (1.4) | 6.5 (1.4) | 6.7 (1.5) | 0.51 |