TABLE 1.
Demographics and Baseline Characteristics of 2,733 Patients Less Than 21 Years Admitted to the ICU for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or Acute COVID-19 Stratified by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Requirementa
| Clinical Characteristics | MIS-C Not Receiving ECMO (n = 1,493) | MIS-C Receiving ECMO (n = 37) | p | Acute COVID-19 Not Receiving ECMO (n = 1,132) | Acute COVID-19 Receiving ECMO (n = 71) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 906 (61) | 25 (68) | 0.50 | 598 (53) | 36 (51) | 0.82 |
| Median age (IQR), yr | 9.9 (6.5–13.6) | 15.4 (9.0–16.3) | < 0.001 | 13.6 (4.9–16.7) | 15.3 (8.6–17.3) | 0.08 |
| < 1 yr | 31 (2) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 | 154 (14) | 7 (10) | 0.28 |
| 1 to < 5 yr | 209 (14) | 2 (5) | 131 (12) | 8 (11) | ||
| 5 to < 13 yr | 832 (56) | 13 (35) | 240 (21) | 10 (14) | ||
| 13 to < 21 yr | 421 (28) | 22 (60) | 607 (54) | 46 (65) | ||
| Race and ethnic group, n (%)b | ||||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 422 (28) | 8 (22) | 0.77 | 401 (35) | 29 (41) | 0.71 |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 529 (35) | 16 (43) | 295 (26) | 15 (21) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 383 (26) | 9 (24) | 320 (28) | 21 (30) | ||
| Other race, non-Hispanic | 102 (7) | 2 (5) | 92 (8) | 6 (9) | ||
| Unknown | 57 (4) | 2 (5) | 24 (2) | 0 (0) | ||
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||||||
| Private/self-pay | 579 (39) | 11 (30) | 0.44 | 333 (29) | 20 (28) | 0.53 |
| Public/government | 852 (57) | 24 (65) | 737 (65) | 45 (63) | ||
| Unknown | 62 (4) | 2 (5) | 62 (5) | 6 (8) | ||
| SVI quartile, n (%)c | ||||||
| Low SVI | 220 (15) | 5 (14) | 136 (12) | 13 (18) | 0.11 | |
| Low/mid SVI | 426 (29) | 7 (19) | 330 (29) | 16 (23) | ||
| Mid/high SVI | 469 (31) | 20 (54) | 0.08 | 365 (32) | 21 (30) | |
| High SVI | 367 (25) | 5 (14) | 257 (23) | 21 (30) | ||
| Unknown SVI | 11 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 44 (4) | 0 (0) | ||
| SVI, median (IQR) | 0.553 (0.369–0.747) | 0.595 (0.442–0.707) | 0.77 | 0.554 (0.377–0.741) | 0.606 (0.340–0.766) | 0.71 |
| Date of admission, n (%) | ||||||
| March 2020 to May 2021 (pre-Delta) | 1,122 (75) | 32 (87) | 0.13 | 678 (60) | 21 (30) | < 0.001 |
| June 2021 to December 2021 (Delta) | 371 (25) | 5 (14) | 454 (40) | 50 (70) | ||
| Presentation, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Days of symptoms before presentation | 4 (3–5) | 4.5 (2–6) | 0.76 | 4 (1–7) | 4 (2–6.5) | 0.51 |
| Organ systems involved | 5 (4–5) | 6 (5–6) | < 0.001 | 3 (2–3) | 5 (4–5.5) | < 0.001 |
| Vaccination status, n (%)d | ||||||
| Vaccine eligible | 222 (15) | 4 (11) | 0.64 | 332 (29) | 36 (51) | < 0.001 |
| Fully vaccinated | 6 (3) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 3 (1) | 0 (0) | 0.91 |
| Partially vaccinated | 12 (5) | 0 (0) | 5 (2) | 0 (0) | ||
| Unvaccinated | 176 (79) | 4 (100) | 282 (85) | 31 (86) | ||
| Unknown vaccination status | 28 (13) | 0 (0) | 42 (13) | 5 (14) |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IQR = interquartile range, MIS-C= multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, SVI = Social Vulnerability Index.
A full list of underlying conditions is available in Supplemental Table 1 (http://links.lww.com/PCC/C346).
Race and ethnic group were reported by the patient or by the patient’s parent or guardian.
SVI of patients admitted during 2020 was determined based on the first four digits of the patient’s zip code, whereas for patients admitted in 2021, SVI was calculated from the patient’s address of residence using the 2018 data available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (30).
Vaccination eligibility/status was defined as previously reported (29).