TABLE 2.
Hospital Characteristics and Outcomes of 2,733 Patients Less Than 21 Years Admitted to the ICU for Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children or Acute COVID-19 Stratified by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Requirement
| Clinical Characteristics | MIS-C Not Receiving ECMO (n = 1,493) | MIS-C Receiving ECMO (n = 37) | p | Acute COVID-19 Not Receiving ECMO (n = 1,132) | Acute COVID-19 Receiving ECMO (n = 71) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiogram findings, n (%) | ||||||
| Echocardiogram performed | 1,463 (98) | 36 (97) | 0.54 | 373 (33) | 67 (94) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF > 55% | 629 (43) | 4 (11) | < 0.001 | 267 (72) | 35 (52) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF ≤ 55% and > 35% | 633 (43) | 9 (25) | 42 (11) | 9 (13) | ||
| LVEF ≤ 35% | 119 (8) | 22 (61) | 18 (5) | 12 (18) | ||
| Unknown LVEF | 82 (6) | 1 (3) | 46 (12) | 11 (16) | ||
| Coronary artery aneurysm | 236 (16) | 4 (11) | 0.64 | 11 (3) | 3 (4) | 0.46 |
| Pericarditis or pericardial effusion | 425 (29) | 13 (36) | 0.46 | 45 (12) | 13 (19) | 0.15 |
| Outcomes, n (%)a | . | |||||
| ICU length of stay (d), median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 11 (8–17) | < 0.001 | 4 (2–8) | 33 (19.5–47.25) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital length of stay (d), median (IQR) | 7 (5–9) | 20 (17–24.5) | < 0.001 | 7 (4–13) | 52 (35–69) | < 0.001 |
| Died (in hospital) | 13 (0.9) | 10 (27) | < 0.001 | 41 (4) | 26 (37) | < 0.001 |
| Discharged to reha bilitation or chronic care facility | 28 (2) | 4 (11) | 0.006 | 51 (5) | 15 (21) | < 0.001 |
| Discharged with neurologic deficit | 24 (2) | 3 (8) | 0.03 | 29 (3) | 11 (15) | < 0.001 |
| Discharged with new or increased oxygen support | 21 (1) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 90 (8) | 14 (20) | 0.001 |
| Discharged with new mechanical ventilation requirement | 11 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 27 (2) | 7 (10) | 0.003 |
| Discharged with new tracheostomy | 6 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1.00 | 19 (2) | 8 (11) | < 0.001 |
ECMO = extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, IQR = interquartile range, LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction, MIS-C= multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.
a
Outcomes are not mutually exclusive.