Table 2. Results of factors associated between smoking behavior and serum uric acid.
| Variables | Male | Female | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum Uric Acid ≥7 | Serum Uric Acid ≥6 | ||||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | ||||||
| Smoking Behavior | |||||||||
| Non-smoker | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Ex-smoker | 1.12 | (0.97 | - | 1.30) | 1.25 | (0.91 | - | 1.71) | |
| Single smoker | 1.03 | (0.88 | - | 1.21) | 1.68 | (1.25 | - | 2.25) | |
| Dual smoker | 1.43 | (1.08 | - | 1.88) | 1.88 | (0.76 | - | 4.65) | |
| Age | |||||||||
| 19–29 | 2.53 | (1.89 | - | 3.40) | 1.72 | (1.15 | - | 2.57) | |
| 30–39 | 2.32 | (1.79 | - | 3.00) | 1.50 | (1.04 | - | 2.16) | |
| 40–49 | 1.60 | (1.26 | - | 2.04) | 0.93 | (0.65 | - | 1.31) | |
| 50–59 | 0.97 | (0.77 | - | 1.22) | 1.13 | (0.87 | - | 1.47) | |
| 60–69 | 0.88 | (0.70 | - | 1.10) | 1.67 | (1.31 | - | 2.14) | |
| ≥70 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Married | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Single, widow | 1.17 | (1.00 | - | 1.37) | 1.28 | (1.04 | - | 1.57) | |
| Divorced, Separated | 1.28 | (0.94 | - | 1.75) | 1.05 | (0.77 | - | 1.43) | |
| Educational level | |||||||||
| Middle school or below | 1.15 | (0.95 | - | 1.39) | 1.08 | (0.80 | - | 1.46) | |
| High school | 1.03 | (0.90 | - | 1.18) | 1.08 | (0.87 | - | 1.33) | |
| College or over | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Household income | |||||||||
| Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Mid-low | 1.10 | (0.89 | - | 1.36) | 1.01 | (0.81 | - | 1.26) | |
| Mid-high | 0.95 | (0.77 | - | 1.17) | 0.87 | (0.68 | - | 1.10) | |
| High | 1.03 | (0.83 | - | 1.26) | 1.10 | (0.84 | - | 1.43) | |
| Region | |||||||||
| Metropolitan | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Urban | 1.01 | (0.89 | - | 1.14) | 1.02 | (0.86 | - | 1.20) | |
| Rural | 1.06 | (0.89 | - | 1.26) | 1.07 | (0.87 | - | 1.33) | |
| Occupational categories | |||||||||
| White | 1.13 | (0.94 | - | 1.35) | 0.85 | (0.67 | - | 1.07) | |
| Pink | 1.06 | (0.86 | - | 1.31) | 0.70 | (0.55 | - | 0.88) | |
| Blue | 0.90 | (0.75 | - | 1.08) | 0.73 | (0.59 | - | 0.90) | |
| Inoccupation | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| BMI | |||||||||
| Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Normal | 2.02 | (1.24 | - | 3.30) | 3.77 | (1.80 | - | 7.89) | |
| Overweight | 3.95 | (2.43 | - | 6.43) | 10.30 | (4.85 | - | 21.87) | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.13 | (0.96 | - | 1.33) | 1.12 | (0.96 | - | 1.32) | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Status of Hypertension | |||||||||
| Normal | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Pre-Hypertension | 1.43 | (1.23 | - | 1.65) | 1.52 | (1.21 | - | 1.91) | |
| Hypertension | 1.85 | (1.59 | - | 2.15) | 2.10 | (1.67 | - | 2.64) | |
| Status of Diabetes | |||||||||
| Yes | 0.63 | (0.52 | - | 0.78) | 1.40 | (1.11 | - | 1.76) | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Status of Dyslipidemia | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.14 | (0.99 | - | 1.31) | 1.16 | (0.97 | - | 1.39) | |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| Year | |||||||||
| 2016 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||||
| 2017 | 1.11 | (0.93 | - | 1.33) | 0.92 | (0.70 | - | 1.20) | |
| 2018 | 1.21 | (1.00 | - | 1.46) | 1.18 | (0.92 | - | 1.51) | |
| 2019 | 1.35 | (1.12 | - | 1.62) | 1.43 | (1.12 | - | 1.83) | |
| 2020 | 1.18 | (0.99 | - | 1.41) | 1.05 | (0.81 | - | 1.36) | |