Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of patients with and without COVID-19 vaccination.
| Before PSM | After PSM | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vaccinated N = 745,041 |
Unvaccinated N = 3,874,458 |
SMD | Vaccinated N = 739,066 |
Unvaccinated N = 739,066 |
SMD | |
| Age | 52.6 ± 18.5 | 46.7 ± 18.1 | 0.322 | 52.5 ± 18.5 | 52.2 ± 18.2 | 0.016 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 441083 (59.2) | 2092041 (54.0) | 0.105 | 436871 (59.1) | 434259 (58.8) | 0.007 |
| Male | 303757 (40.8) | 1619285 (41.8) | 0.021 | 301994 (40.9) | 269103 (36.4) | 0.091 |
| Unknown | 201 (0.027) | 163132 (4.210) | 201 (0.027) | 35704 (4.831) | ||
| Race | ||||||
| White | 549172 (73.7) | 2437160 (62.9) | 0.234 | 543886 (73.6) | 550999 (74.6) | 0.022 |
| African American | 89896 (12.1) | 635883 (16.4) | 0.125 | 89699 (12.1) | 91490 (12.4) | 0.007 |
| Asian | 26491 (3.6) | 84507 (2.2) | 0.082 | 26065 (3.5) | 25707 (3.5) | 0.003 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Hypertensive diseases | 249533 (33.5) | 508399 (13.1) | 0.496 | 243707 (33.0) | 246040 (33.3) | 0.007 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 112966 (15.2) | 211428 (5.5) | 0.323 | 108896 (14.7) | 105099 (14.2) | 0.015 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 222993 (29.9) | 398604 (10.3) | 0.505 | 217306 (29.4) | 220485 (29.8) | 0.009 |
| Ischemic heart diseases | 73108 (9.8) | 122073 (3.2) | 0.273 | 69808 (9.4) | 65150 (8.8) | 0.022 |
| Cerebrovascular diseases | 41250 (5.5) | 67952 (1.8) | 0.203 | 38795 (5.2) | 34472 (4.7) | 0.027 |
| Glaucoma | 23249 (3.1) | 35391 (0.9) | 0.157 | 22601 (3.1) | 14889 (2.0) | 0.066 |
| Arterial thromboembolism | 6755 (0.9) | 7517 (0.2) | 0.096 | 6140 (0.8) | 3957 (0.5) | 0.036 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 16777 (2.3) | 24679 (0.6) | 0.136 | 15321 (2.1) | 12842 (1.7) | 0.025 |
| Pregnancy | 19101 (2.6) | 85791 (2.2) | 0.023 | 19065 (2.6) | 17731 (2.4) | 0.012 |
| Overweight and obesity | 110743 (14.9) | 217725 (5.6) | 0.309 | 106495 (14.4) | 104769 (14.2) | 0.007 |
| Smoking | 64609 (8.7) | 172295 (4.4) | 0.171 | 62553 (8.5) | 60899 (8.2) | 0.008 |
| Medications | ||||||
| ACEI/ARB | 136336 (18.3) | 283478 (7.3) | 0.333 | 132620 (17.9) | 134004 (18.1) | 0.005 |
| Beta-blocker | 122425 (16.4) | 243745 (6.3) | 0.324 | 118402 (16.0) | 116162 (15.7) | 0.008 |
| CCB | 86635 (11.6) | 180981 (4.7) | 0.256 | 84307 (11.4) | 80676 (10.9) | 0.016 |
| Metformin | 55369 (7.4) | 112287 (2.9) | 0.206 | 53520 (7.2) | 53063 (7.2) | 0.002 |
| Lipid lowering agents | 164276 (22.0) | 329242 (8.5) | 0.384 | 159650 (21.6) | 160913 (21.8) | 0.004 |
| Corticosteroids | 163232 (21.9) | 333649 (8.6) | 0.376 | 157965 (21.4) | 158061 (21.4) | <0.001 |
| NSAIDs | 191038 (25.6) | 507084 (13.1) | 0.322 | 186271 (25.2) | 188800 (25.5) | 0.008 |
| Antipsychotics | 61980 (8.3) | 137901 (3.6) | 0.202 | 59578 (8.1) | 57996 (7.8) | 0.008 |
| Previous hospitalization | 106573 (14.3) | 224481 (5.8) | 0.286 | 102014 (13.8) | 97498 (13.2) | 0.018 |
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, ARB Angiotensin II receptor blockers, CCB Calcium-channel blockers, N number, NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, PSM propensity score matching, SMD standardized mean difference.