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. 2022 Jul 15;2(7):616–634. doi: 10.1038/s43587-022-00241-9

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 4 — (a) Individual plasma sST2 levels stratified by sex (n = 216 males, and 397 females from Chinese_cohort_1). β = −3.577 for females vs. males, P = 1.58E − 12. (b) Associations between plasma sST2 levels and age in males and females (n = 216 males, and 397 females from Chinese_cohort_1). Test in males: β = 0.0134, Pearson’s r² = 0.0010, P = 0.8661; test in females: β = 0.1256, Pearson’s r² = 0.0366, P = 0.0016. (c) Correlations between plasma sST2 level and age in males and females from the INTERVAL and LonGenity cohort (n = 1,685 males, and 1,616 females from INTERVAL cohort; n = 432 males, and 530 females from LonGenity cohort). Test in INTERVAL cohort (ages 18–76), males: Pearson’s r² = 0.0169, P < 0.0001; females: Pearson’s r² = 0.0001, P = 0.7715. Test in LonGenity cohort (ages 65–94), males: Pearson’s r² = 0.0100, P = 0.0093; females: Pearson’s r² = 0.0196, P = 0.0001. (d) Correlations between CSF sST2 level and age in males and females from the Japanese cohort (n = 68 males, n = 65 females). Test in males: Pearson’s r² = 0.0441, P = 0.0812; test in females: Pearson’s r² = 0.1521, P = 0.0014. (e, f) Contributions of age and sex to the variance of sST2 levels. Numbers denote the proportions of plasma sST2 (e) and CSF sST2 (f) variance explained by age, sex, and other factors in the Chinese_cohort_1 and Japanese cohort, respectively. Data in box-and-whisker plots are presented with maximum, 75^th percentile, median, 25^th percentile, and minimum values; plus signs (+) denote mean values; data in regression lines are presented as slope (red/blue) and 95% CIs (gray). Statistical tests were performed by linear regression analysis, additionally adjusted for AD diagnosis, CVD status, BMI, education level in the Chinese_cohort_1. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.