Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of 48 epileptic patients 2.0 to 35 years of age with an overt tubular injury on treatment with valproic acid. Results are given as frequency and percentage or as median and interquartile range

Demographics (N = 48)
Female:male ratio	0.92
Age
Years	7.5 [4.8–12]
≤ 16 years, N (%)	43 (90)
Neurologic feature other than epilepsy (N = 48)
Intellectual disability, N (%)	6 (13)
Cerebral palsy, N (%)	1 (2.1)
Disability and cerebral palsy, N (%)	36 (75)
None, N (%)	5 (10)
Tube feeding, N (%)	31 (65)
Antiepileptic medication (N = 48)
Valproic acid alone, N (%)	8 (17)
One more antiepileptic drug, N (%)	15 (31)
Two or more further antiepileptic drugs, N (%)	25 (52)
Duration of treatment with valproic acid (N = 40)
≤ 6 months, N (%)	0 (0)
7–24 months, N (%)	10 (25)
≥ 25 months, N (%)	30 (75)
Valproic acid dosage (N = 22)
mg/kg daily	31 [24–38]
≥ 50 mg/kg daily, N (%)	3 (14)
Altered liver enzymes, N (%)	9 (19)
Altered pancreatic enzymes, N (%)	0 (0)