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. 2023 May 2;14:2518. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38245-7

Fig. 4. In vitro activation and cytotoxicity of CTLs regulated by LDH adjuvant.

Fig. 4

Representative histograms and quantification of the expression of the early activation marker CD69 (a), activation marker CD25 (b), and degranulation marker CD107a (c) on murine CTLs. d A 2-h killing assay of CTLs with varying ratios of BALB/c CTLs to targets (B16F10 cancer cells). Representative histograms and quantifications of the phosphorylation of FAK (e) and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 (f); g NFAT1 (also known as NFATc2, nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic 2) levels in nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, investigated by Western immunoblotting. h CTL IL-2 levels in the cellular media. i Representative pathways involved in CTL immune shaping by the LDH adjuvant. For all tests, n = 3 per group. For (a–f, h), data are presented as the mean ± SD, and statistical significance was calculated via one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.