Table 1.

Classification of acute CNS injury diseases, based on etiology and main lesion sites

Acute CNS injuries	Cause of illness	Incidence rate	Case fatality rate
Stroke	Focal brain dysfunction that occurs suddenly due to blockage or rupture of a blood vessel (World Health Organization, 1971)	42% (Feigin et al., 2019; Roth et al., 2020)	43.3% (Roth et al., 2020)
IS	Death of the brain parenchyma due to lack of blood supply (World Health Organization, 1971)	62.4% (Roth et al., 2020)	17.7% (Roth et al., 2020)
ICH	Hemorrhage originating in the brain parenchyma (World Health Organization, 1971)	27.9% (Roth et al., 2020)	15.5% (Roth et al., 2020)
SAH	Hemorrhage originating from the subarachnoid space (World Health Organization, 1971)	9.7% (Roth et al., 2020)	2% (Roth et al., 2020)
TBI	Traumatic structural damage and/or brain dysfunction caused by external forces (Maas et al., 2017)	37% (Majdan et al., 2016)	30–40% (Kumar and Singh, 2021)

CNS: Central nervous system; ICH: intracerebral hemorrhage; IS: ischemic stroke; SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage; TBI: traumatic brain injury.