Table 1.
Characteristics and quality assessment results of included studies.
| Studies and Pub Date | Publication type | Type of study | Country/Region | No. of RAASIs use/No. of Patients (%) | Cancer type | Stage | ICIs used | RAASIs used | Time window of RAASIs use | Analysis model | HR for OS (95% CI) | HR for PFS (95% CI) | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jain et al 2021 (28) | Article | RP | USA | 33/178 (18.5) | UC | Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | MVA | 0.52 (0.29-0.93) | NR | 7 |
| 22/101 (21.8) | UC | Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | MVA | 0.57 (0.17-1.96) | NR | |||||
| Medjebar et al 2020 (29) | Article | RP | Europe | 22/178 (12.4) | NSCLC | Locally advanced/ Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI | (0, NR) | MVA | 1.96 (1.09–3.51) | 1.89 (1.14–3.16) | 6 |
| Kostine et al 2021 (30) | Article | RP | Europe | 203/635 (32.0) | Multiple | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | UVA | 0.98 (0.79-1.21) | 1.01 (0.83-1.23) | 7 |
| NR/293 | Melanoma | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | UVA | 1.24 (0.91-1.69) | 0.94 (0.70-1.26) | |||||
| NR/150 | NSCLC | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | UVA | 0.78 (0.51-1.19) | 1.04 (0.69-1.57) | |||||
| NR/83 | RCC | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | UVA | 0.74 (0.40-1.36) | 1.24 (0.74-2.08) | |||||
| Pereira et al 2021 (31) | Abstract | RP | Europe | 35/127 (27.6) | NSCLC | NR | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | (0, NR) | NR | 6 | |||
| ARB | (0, NR) | NR | 0.44 (0.19-1.02) | 0.40 (0.17-0.93) | |||||||||
| ACEI | (0, NR) | NR | 0.75 (0.39-1.42) | 0.87 (0.46-1.65) | |||||||||
| Buti et al 2021 (32) | Article | RP | Europe | 66/217 (30.6) | Multiple | Advanced Metastatic |
Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI | Baseline | UVA | 0.69 (0.48-1.01) | NR | 7 |
| Kichenadasse et al 2021 (33) | Article | post hoc analysis | Multiple | 604/2539 (23.8) | Multiple | Advanced Metastatic |
Atezolizumab | ACEI/ARB or Both | (0, NR) | MVA | 0.92 (0.79-1.07) | 0.95 (0.84-1.08) | 8 |
| Failing et al 2016 (34) | Article | RP | USA | 11/80 (13.8) | Melanoma | Advanced | Ipilimumab | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | MVA | 0.41 (0.10-1.71) | 0.67 (0.33-1.36) | 9 |
| Nuzzo et al 2022 (35) | Article | RP | USA | 89/229 (38.9) | RCC | Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | (0, 30) | MVA | 6 | ||
| 30/100 (30.0) | RCC | Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | (0, 30) | MVA | 0.35 (0.17-0.70) | NR | |||||
| 59/129 (45.7) | RCC | Metastatic | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | (0, 30) | MVA | 0.60 (0.34-1.06) | NR | |||||
| Tozuka et al 2021 (36) | Article | RP | Japan | 37/256 (14.5) | NSCLC | NR | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | UVA | 0.71 (0.45-1.11) | 0.59 (0.40-0.88) | 8 |
| Cortellini et al 2020 (37) | Article | RP | Europe | 313/1012 (30.9) | Multiple | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | MVA | 0.91 (0.74-1.11) | 0.94 (0.79-1.12) | 7 |
| Drobni et al 2022 (38) | Article | RP | USA | 3426/5910 (57.97) | Multiple | NR | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | MVA | 0.90 (0.84-0.98) | NR | 7 |
| 555/913 (60.8) | Melanoma | NR | Anti-PD-(L)1±Anti-CTLA-4 | ACEI/ARB | (0, NR) | UVA | 1.02 (0.81-1.27) | NR | |||||
| Cortellini et al 2020 (39) | Abstract | RP | Europe | NR/277 | Multiple | Advanced | Anti-PD-(L)1 | ACEI/ARB | Baseline | NR | 1.14 (0.81-1.62) | NR | 7 |
ICIs, immune checkpoint inhibitors; RAASIs, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors; HR, hazard ratio; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; RP, retrospective study design; UC, urothelial carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; RCC, renal cell carcinoma; NR, not reported; PD-1, programmed cell death-1; PD-L1, programmed cell death 1 ligand; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; MVA, multivariate analysis; UVA, univariate analysis.