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. 2023 Apr 19;14:1159588. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159588

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Copyright © 2023 Murthy, Joseph, Paek and Park

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Configurations of different bioreactors used for plant propagation. (A) Stirred-tank bioreactor. (B) Bubble column bioreactor. (C) Airlift bioreactor. (D) Nutrient mist bioreactor. (E) Trickle bed bioreactor.