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. 2023 Apr 19;14:1159588. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1159588

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Copyright © 2023 Murthy, Joseph, Paek and Park

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Configurations of (A) Wave bioreactor, (B) Box-in-bag bioreactor, (C) Vertical-column bioreactor, (D) Balloon-type bubble bioreactor, (E) Balloon-type bubble bioreactor operating on raft method, (F) Balloon-type bubble bioreactor operating on ebb and flood method.