Table 1.
Basic Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics at Baseline
| Full Sample | Experimental Condition | Control Condition | Experimental vs. Control Condition | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | n | n | Effect size (Cohen`s d/ Cramer`s V) | ||||
| Age (years), mean (S.D.) | 21.67 (2.49) | 92 | 21.30 (2.84) | 46 | 22.04 (2.05) | 46 | −0.28 |
| Gender, n (%) | 92 | 46 | 46 | 0.07 | |||
| Female | 67 (72.8) | 35 (76.1) | 32 (69.6) | ||||
| Male | 25 (27.2) | 11 (23.9) | 14 (30.4) | ||||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 92 | 46 | 46 | 0.24 | |||
| White majority | 72 (78.3) | 32 (69.6) | 40 (87.0) | ||||
| Minority | |||||||
| Mixed white majority/white other | 5 (5.4) | 3 (6.5) | 2 (4.4) | ||||
| White other | 5 (5.4) | 4 (8.7) | 1 (2.2) | ||||
| Turkish | 4 (4.4) | 3 (6.5) | 1 (2.2) | ||||
| Mixed other | 3 (3.3) | 2 (4.4) | 1 (2.2) | ||||
| Middle east | 2 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (2.2) | ||||
| Asian | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||||
| Level of education (completed, ongoing) | 91 | 46 | 45 | 0.15 | |||
| School: GCSEs | 11 (12.1) | 7 (15.22) | 4 (8.89) | ||||
| Further: A levels | 24 (26.4) | 14 (30.43) | 10 (22.22) | ||||
| Higher: university | 56 (61.5) | 25 (54.35) | 31 (68.89) | ||||
| Employment status, n (%) | 91 | 46 | 45 | 0.19 | |||
| Student | 72 (79.1) | 39 (84.78) | 33 (73.33) | ||||
| School | 5 (5.5) | 4 (8.70) | 1 (2.22) |
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| Vocational training, University | 67 (73.6) | 35 (76.09) | 32 (71.11) | ||||
| Employed | 11 (12.1) | 4 (8.70) | 7 (15.56) | ||||
| Unemployed | 8 (8.8) | 3 (6.52) | 5 (11.11) | ||||
| Medication, n (%) | 26 (28.3) | 92 | 12 (26.09) | 46 | 14 (30.43) | 46 | −0.05 |
| Clinical characteristics, mean (S.D.) | |||||||
| K10 | 28.08 (5.1) | 92 | 28.20 (5.1) | 46 | 27.96 (5.2) | 46 | 0.05 |
| BSI-18 (GSI score) | 23.28 (10.5) | 92 | 24.55 (9.9) | 46 | 22.00 (11.0) | 46 | 0.24 |
| BPRS (total score) | 31.40 (5.1) | 92 | 32.00 (5.1) | 46 | 30.80 (5.2) | 46 | 0.25 |
| WHOQOL-BREF, mean score‡ | 14.12 (1.6) | 53 | 13.92 (1.5) | 25 | 14.30 (1.7) | 28 | −0.23 |
| CAARMS (total score) | 30.74 (12.7) | 92 | 31.61 (14.1) | 46 | 29.87 (11.2) | 46 | 0.14 |
| BDI | 17.60 (8.9) | 92 | 17.91 (9.7) | 46 | 17.28 (8.2) | 46 | 0.07 |
| HAM-D | 11.50 (5.7) | 92 | 11.33 (6.2) | 46 | 11.67 (5.1) | 46 | −0.06 |
| HAM-A | 13.83 (6.8) | 92 | 14.00 (7.3) | 46 | 13.67 (6.2) | 46 | 0.05 |
| YMRS | 1.55 (1.7) | 92 | 1.89 (2.0) | 46 | 1.22 (1.3) | 46 | 0.40 |
| PQ | 3.53 (2.9) | 88 | 4.33 (3.5) | 43 | 2.78 (2.0) | 45 | 0.54 |
| SOFAS | 70.59 (10.9) | 92 | 71.83 (9.9) | 46 | 69.35 (11.9) | 46 | 0.23 |
| SOFAS (12 months) | 73.19 (12.4) | 77 | 72.08 (13.2) | 38 | 74.28 (11.7) | 39 | −0.17 |
| Stage, n (%) | 92 | 46 | 46 | 0.07 | |||
| Stage 1a | 52 (56.5) | 26 (56.5) | 26 (56.5) | ||||
| Stage 1b | 28 (30.4) | 13 (28.3) | 15 (32.6) | ||||
| Stage 2 | 12 (13.0) | 7 (15.2) | 5 (10.9) |
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