Table 3.
Candidate Primary and Secondary Outcomes and Secondary (non-EMA) Candidate Mechanisms at Post-intervention and 4-Week Follow-up
| Experimental condition | Control condition | Difference between conditions (at time) | d-type effect size | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SE | n | Mean | SE | n | Adj. B | 95% CI | ||
| Candidate primary outcome | |||||||||
| Psychological distress‡ | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 0.57 | −1.59–2.72 | 0.09 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 24.14 | 0.90 | 45 | 23.49 | 0.90 | 44 | 0.65 | −1.85–3.15 | 0.11 |
| Follow-up | 22.76 | 0.90 | 45 | 22.28 | 0.91 | 43 | 0.48 | −2.03 – 2.99 | 0.08 |
| Candidate secondary outcome | |||||||||
| General psychopathology (BSI-18 GSI) | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | −0.41 | −4.0 –3.19 | −0.04 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 17.33 | 1.43 | 45 | 17.59 | 1.44 | 45 | −0.26 | −4.25–3.74 | −0.03 |
| Follow-up | 15.53 | 1.43 | 44 | 16.09 | 1.45 | 43 | −0.56 | −4.57–3.45 | −0.06 |
| BPRS, total score | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | −0.62 | −1.65–0.41 | −0.19 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 30.18 | 0.51 | 45 | 31.59 | 0.52 | 43 | −1.41 | −2.85–0.02 | −0.41 |
| Follow-up | 31.13 | 0.51 | 43 | 30.96 | 0.54 | 41 | 0.17 | −1.29–1.63 | 0.05 |
| Quality of life, total score‡‡ | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 0.82 | 0.10–1.55 | 0.60 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 15.14 | 0.32 | 34 | 14.34 | 0.30 | 34 | 0.80 | −0.05– 1.66 | 0.58 |
| Follow-up | 15.65 | 0.30 | 37 | 14.80 | 0.30 | 36 | 0.84 | 0.01 –1.67 | 0.61 |
| Secondary candidate mechanisms (non-EMA) | |||||||||
| Stress reactivity | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | −0.29 | −0.86–0.29 | −0.18 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 4.41 | 0.25 | 42 | 4.39 | 0.25 | 43 | 0.02 | −0.66–0.70 | 0.01 |
| Follow-up | 3.85 | 0.24 | 44 | 4.43 | 0.25 | 43 | −0.58 | −1.26–0.10 | −0.37 |
| Threat anticipation | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 0.27 | −1.11–1.65 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 11.91 | 0.67 | 45 | 12.46 | 0.67 | 45 | −0.55 | −2.41–1.31 | −0.12 |
| Follow-up | 12.89 | 0.67 | 45 | 11.78 | 0.68 | 43 | 1.10 | −0.77–2.98 | 0.25 |
| Interpersonal sensitivity | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | −1.26 | −3.91–1.39 | −0.16 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 100.09 | 1.16 | 45 | 100.42 | 1.16 | 44 | −0.33 | −3.56–2.90 | −0.04 |
| Follow-up | 97.64 | 1.16 | 45 | 99.84 | 1.18 | 43 | −2.20 | −5.46–1.05 | −0.29 |
| Resilience | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 2.19 | −0.78–5.17 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 58.34 | 1.30 | 45 | 56.53 | 1.30 | 44 | 1.81 | −1.84–5.46 | 0.21 |
| Follow-up | 61.45 | 1.30 | 45 | 58.87 | 1.31 | 43 | 2.58 | −1.08–6.24 | 0.30 |
| Self-compassion | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 0.24 | −0.36–0.84 | 0.14 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 13.09 | 0.27 | 45 | 12.95 | 0.27 | 45 | 0.14 | −0.61–0.89 | 0.08 |
| Follow-up | 13.31 | 0.27 | 45 | 12.96 | 0.27 | 43 | 0.35 | −0.40–1.10 | 0.19 |
| Adaptive emotion regulation | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | 0.09 | −0.28–0.45 | 0.08 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 5.85 | 0.17 | 45 | 5.59 | 0.17 | 45 | 0.26 | −0.22–0.74 | 0.23 |
| Follow-up | 5.94 | 0.17 | 45 | 6.03 | 0.17 | 43 | −0.08 | −0.57– 0.34 | −0.07 |
| Maladaptive emotion regulation | |||||||||
| Main effect of condition | −0.06 | −0.46–0.34 | −0.05 | ||||||
| Time | |||||||||
| Post-intervention | 5.47 | 0.18 | 45 | 5.64 | 0.18 | 45 | −0.17 | −0.67–0.33 | −0.14 |
| Follow-up | 5.55 | 0.18 | 45 | 5.50 | 0.18 | 43 | 0.04 | −0.46–0.55 | 0.03 |
Note: S.D., standard deviation; CI, confidence interval. Adjusted for centered baseline values of the respective mechanism/outcome and group status.
‡ P-value only reported for candidate primary outcome as stated in the statistical analysis plan: Wald test: χ2 = 0.01 P = .93.
‡‡WHOQOL-BREF: higher number of missing values due to the scale being administered after approval of an ethics amendment.