Skip to main content
. 2023 Mar 9;114(5):2063–2077. doi: 10.1111/cas.15743

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) and cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 (CKAP4) are expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (A) Staining areas of DKK1 and CKAP4 in HCC tissues were classified into four categories (<5%, 5%–20%, 20%–50%, and 50%–95%) and the percentages of categories are shown. (B) HCC tissue microarray (n = 412) was stained with anti‐DKK1 or anti‐CKAP4 Ab and hematoxylin. Scale bar, 100 μm. The number of DKK1‐ and CKAP4‐positive cases and the percentage of each subgroup are shown below. (C) In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, DKK1 (left panel) and CKAP4 (right panel) expression levels in the HCC tumor lesions (n = 371) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 50) were obtained from TIMER2.0. In the box plot, the median is represented by a black line, the 25th–75th percentile by a box, and the 5th–95th percentile by the error bar. **p < 0.01 (Wilcoxon's test). (D) Scatter plot shows the correlation between DKK1 (X‐axis) and CKAP4 (Y‐axis) mRNA expression obtained from the TCGA dataset (n = 371) using TIMER2.0. The solid blue line indicates the linear fit; r indicates Spearman's r correlation coefficient, and e is the base of the natural logarithm. (E, F) Relationships between overall survival (E) or recurrence‐free survival (F) and DKK1 and CKAP4 expression in HCC patients were analyzed. The Gehan–Breslow–Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis.