TABLE 1.

Relationships between simultaneous Dickkopf‐1 (DKK1) and cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4 (CKAP4) expression and clinicopathological factors in hepatocellular carcinoma cases

Parameters	DKK1+/CKAP4+ (n = 55)	DKK1−/CKAP4− (n = 159)	p value	DKK1+/CKAP4− (n = 162)	p value	DKK1−/CKAP4+ (n = 36)	p value
General background
Age (years)	68 (41–80)	69 (34–88)	0.267	69 (33–87)	0.545	71 (50–80)	0.329
Sex (male/female)	47/8	134/25	0.834	138/24	0.961	32/4	0.636
Hepatitis virus infection (non‐B non‐C/HB, HC)	22/33	66/93	0.844	57/105	0.523	15/21	0.874
Child–Pugh class (A/B)	50/5	158/1	0.001	156/6	0.116	34/2	0.536
Tumor factor
Tumor number (>2/1)	26/29	53/106	0.067	43/119	0.005	12/24	0.185
Tumor size (≥5 cm/<5 cm)	30/25	65/94	0.079	63/99	0.043	18/18	0.671
Histology (poor/well or moderate)	13/42	20/139	0.059	20/142	0.053	8/28	0.875
Lymph node metastasis (positive/negative)	2/53	1/158	0.102	1/161	0.098	0/36	0.247
Vascular invasion (positive/negative)	32/23	56/103	0.003	54/108	0.001	13/23	0.039
Capsular formation (positive/negative)	45/10	137/21	0.385	138/23	0.495	31/5	0.589
Capsular invasion (positive/negative)	38/17	112/46	0.802	110/48	0.942	24/12	0.809
UICC stage (IIIA–IVA/ IA–II)	26/29	40/119	0.003	35/127	0.0004	12/24	0.185
Intrahepatic recurrence (positive/negative)	33/22	83/76	0.316	89/73	0.512	16/20	0.145
Extrahepatic recurrence (positive/negative)	14/41	14/145	0.003	12/150	0.001	6/30	0.316
Lymph node metastasis	2	2	0.294	3	0.446	2	0.662
Lung metastasis	9	8	0.012	3	<0.0001	3	0.268
Bone metastasis	4	4	0.133	6	0.275	1	0.358

Note: Continuous variables are expressed as medians with ranges. p values were calculated by comparing between double positive cases and each other cases. p values ≤0.05 are statistically significant.

Abbreviations: HB, hepatitis B; HC, hepatitis C; non‐B non‐C, non‐hepatitis B and non‐hepatitis C.