TABLE 2.
Univariate analysis of 5‐year overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cases by Cox proportional hazards model
| Parameters | Number | HR | 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General background | ||||
| Age (≥60 years/<60 years) | 351/61 | 1.57 | 0.99–2.48 | 0.055 |
| Sex (male/female) | 351/61 | 0.75 | 0.50–1.13 | 0.172 |
| Hepatitis virus infection (HB, HC/non‐B non‐C) | 160/252 | 1.11 | 0.80–1.52 | 0.542 |
| Child–Pugh classification (B/A) | 14/398 | 1.39 | 0.65–2.96 | 0.397 |
| Tumor factor | ||||
| Tumor number (>2/1) | 134/278 | 2.24 | 1.65–3.04 | <0.0001 |
| Tumor size (≥5 cm/<5 cm) | 176/236 | 1.97 | 1.45–2.67 | <0.0001 |
| Histology (poor/well or moderate) | 61/351 | 1.23 | 0.81–1.85 | 0.329 |
| Lymph node metastasis (positive/negative) | 4/408 | 10.41 | 3.76–28.79 | <0.0001 |
| Vascular invasion (positive/negative) | 155/257 | 2.24 | 1.65–3.03 | <0.0001 |
| Capsular formation (positive/negative) | 351/59 | 0.85 | 0.56–1.28 | 0.430 |
| Capsular invasion (positive/negative) | 284/123 | 1.02 | 0.73–1.43 | 0.893 |
| UICC stage (IIIA–IVA/IA–II) | 113/299 | 2.51 | 1.84–3.44 | <0.0001 |
| DKK1/CKAP4 expression | ||||
| DKK1+/CKAP4+ vs. DKK1 − CKAP4− | 55/159 | 3.39 | 2.21–5.20 | <0.0001 |
| DKK1+/CKAP4+ vs. DKK1 + CKAP4− | 55/162 | 3.94 | 2.54–6.11 | <0.0001 |
| DKK1+/CKAP4+ vs. DKK1−CKAP4+ | 55/36 | 4.64 | 2.29–9.40 | <0.0001 |
Note: p values ≤0.05 are statistically significant.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CKAP4, cytoskeleton‐associated protein 4; DKK1, Dickkopf‐1; HB, hepatitis B; HC, hepatitis C; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; non‐B non‐C, non‐hepatitis B and non‐hepatitis C; HR, hazard ratio.