Table 2.
Energy and nutrient intake of the participants before the beginning of the study (visit 0), after 2 weeks of the study (visit 2) and at the end of the dietary intervention (final visit).
| Food habits | Visit 0 | Visit 2 | Final visit | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD) | Mean (±SD) | p | Cohen’s d (CI 95%) | Mean (±SD) | p | Cohen’s d (CI 95%) | |
| Energy (kcal/day) | 2063 (±589) | 1664 (±398) | 3.28×10−05 | 0.88 (0.54–1.36) | 1729 (±459) | 0.0019 | 0.65 (0.3–1.13) |
| Protein (g/day) | 93 (±28) | 100 (±31) | 0.4648 | −0.11 (−0.49–0.29) | 102 (±30) | 0.1545 | −0.27 (−0.7–0.1) |
| Fat (g/day) | 107 (±39) | 105 (±28) | 0.4408 | 0.08 (−0.26–0.49) | 115 (±35.22) | 0.2676 | −0.21 (−0.59–0.18) |
| SFA (g/day) | 29 (±12) | 25 (±10) | 0.0872 | 0.27 (−0.14–0.62) | 33 (±15) | 0.1699 | −0.27 (−0.57–0.12) |
| PUFA (g/day) | 14 (±7) | 16 (±6) | 0.5891 | −0.14 (−0.48–0.26) | 16 (±9) | 0.3286 | −0.19 (−0.52–0.25) |
| MUFA (g/day) | 53 (±22) | 50 (±11) | 0.0767 | 0.29 (−0.08–0.72) | 55 (±15) | 0.9449 | −0.01 (−0.42–0.4) |
| Carbohydrates (g/day) | 179 (±51) | 76 (±32) | 4.24×10−11 | 1.93 (1.48–2.76) | 76 (±32) | 4.04×10−11 | 2.00 (−0.45–0.38) |
| Fibre (g/day) | 18 (±9) | 15 (±6) | 0.0547 | 0.33 (−0.03–0.69) | 15 (±7) | 0.1045 | 0.31 (−0.04–0.68) |
| Sugar g/day) | 37 (±24) | 19 (±15) | 0.0005 | 0.70 (0.42–1.1) | 20 (±16) | 0.0018 | 0.65 (0.38–1.11) |
| Sucrose (g/day) | 17 (±13) | 3 (±3) | 2.34×10−06 | 1.07 (0.84–1.6) | 4 (±4) | 4.91×10−06 | 1.07 (0.83–1.65) |
| Starch (g/day) | 64 (±44) | 5 (±7) | 5.13×10−08 | 1.42 (1.19–1.96) | 7 (±9) | 1.79×10−08 | 1.49 (1.22–2.11) |
95% of confidence interval, <0.2, negligible effect; 0.2–0.5, small effect; 0.5–0.8, moderate effect; >0.8, large effect.
Cohen’s d, effect size of paired t-test; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; p, p value of paired t-test; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids; SD, standard deviation; SFA, saturated fatty acids.