. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 22.

Published in final edited form as: Subst Use Misuse. 2023 Feb 22;58(5):591–600. doi: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177110

Table 5.

Associations between symptoms of anxiety and depression and past 30-day e-cigarette use, stratified by SES

	E-cigarette use with nicotine at 12-month follow-up		E-cigarette use with THC at 12-month follow-up
	Low SES	Middle to High SES	Low SES	Middle to High SES
	AOR^a (95% CI)	AOR^a (95% CI)	AOR^b (95% CI)	AOR^b (95% CI)
Total n	n=573	n=1,734	n=573	n=1,734
Comorbidity^d	1.80 (0.94, 3.43)	2.11^*** (1.40, 3.17)	1.93^* (1.12, 3.32)	1.64^* (1.05, 2.55)
Depression^e	1.60 (0.88, 2.93)	1.76^** (1.24, 2.51)	2.30^*** (1.39, 3.80)	1.77^** (1.23, 2.57)
Anxiety^f	1.47 (0.78, 2.76)	2.19^*** (1.52, 3.17)	1.53 (0.90, 2.61)	1.34 (0.89, 2.02)

Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES, and Wave 9 (baseline) past 30-day use of e-cigarettes with nicotine, marijuana in any form, alcohol, and combustible tobacco.

Adjusted for sex, race/ethnicity, SES, and Wave 9 (baseline) past 30-day use of e-cigarettes with THC, marijuana in any other form, alcohol, and combustible tobacco.

Adjusted for grade level, race/ethnicity, SES, and Wave 9 (baseline) past 30-day use of e-cigarette with nicotine, e-cigarettes with THC, marijuana in any other form, alcohol, and combustible tobacco.

Comorbidity is symptoms of depression and anxiety present at Wave 9 (baseline).

Symptoms of depression measured at Wave 9 (baseline) using the PHQ-9, with scores ≥10 indicating a positive screen for depression symptoms.

Symptoms of anxiety measured at Wave 9 (baseline) using the GAD-7, with scores ≥10 indicating a positive screen for anxiety symptoms.

Boldface indicates statistical significance (*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001).

Referent group is no symptoms of anxiety or depression.

AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; SES, socioeconomic status.