Table 2.
Comparison of the MMC systems
| MMC system | Mechanisms | Relative cost | Assessable body parts | Portability | Set-up procedure | Methods of data extraction and analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinect | Monochrome CMOS sensor and infrared projector measures player’s body by transmitting invisible near-infrared light, data are then processed by algorithms | Low | Whole body except fine hand movement | Yes | Simple | Data can be extracted by the Microsoft Kinect algorithm, and offline analysis can be performed using software such as R or MATLAB |
| Camera | 2D images are captured directly by camera | Low | Whole body | Yes | Simple | Data is commonly analyzed by pose estimation algorithm, and kinematic features are extracted from the joint trajectories |
| LMC | Hand movements captured by two monochromatic IR cameras and three infrared LEDs and a rather “complex math algorithm” are used to process the raw data | Low | Hand and finger movement | Yes | Simple | Data can be obtained from the LMC SDK |
| BioStage™ | 3D images captured by high-speed color cameras and data are analyzed by computer vision software | High | Whole body | No | Complicated | The 3D motion data can be analyzed using the Motion Monitor software |
| Smartphone | Mobile phone camera is used to capture the movement directly | No extra cost needed | Whole body | Yes | Simple | Specific algorithms are required to analyze the video image |
| DARI Motion system | Uses eight high-speed cameras placed around the subject and a state-of-the-art computer-vision engine to collect whole-body data, including the fastest motions | High | Whole body | No | Complicated | Data analyzed by images captured by eight high-speed cameras using the software provided by the DARI Motion company |
| 4DBODY System | Uses a single-frame structured light illumination method to allow the registration of the shape of body surface with a frequency of up to 120 Hz | High | Whole body | No | Complicated | Data from 4D measurement sequences can be extracted by the FRAMES software package |
| Customized motion capture system | Two main components: an electromagnetic tracker and an HMD. The tracker sampled motion via two sensors at 60 Hz each. | Not mentioned | Particularly neck and trunk movement | Not mentioned | Not mentioned | Tracking data can be analyzed by MATLAB software |
CMOS: Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, HMD: Helmet-mounted Displays, LED: Light-emitting Diode, LMC: Leap Motion Controller, SDK: Software Development Kit