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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Lett. 2023 Mar 22;561:216141. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216141

Figure 2: Inhibition of tumors using bovine exosomes as delivery particles.

Figure 2:

A) Folic acid (FA) functionalized EPM-delivered siRNA against oncogenic mutant KRAS significantly inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic lung cancer model, while non-functionalized EPM-delivered siKRAS only resulted in modest inhibition, indicating the tumor targeting by FA. The delivery of a scrambled siRNA (siSCR) by the same vehicle had no effect on tumor volume. Tumor volume of treated animals calculated as a percentage of tumor volume in untreated animals. (B) NOD SCID mice were inoculated with luciferase-expressing A549 lung cancer cells intrathoracially to establish orthotopic lung tumors. Tumor growth was monitored via chemiluminescent signal. Ten days after injection, intervention began. Intravenous administration of free paclitaxel (PAC) and Abraxane™ were included as comparators. Exosomal formulation of paclitaxel (ExoPAC) administered orally (ExoPAC-p.o), FA-functionalized ExoPAC administered orally (FA-ExoPAC-p.o.), and FA-ExoPAC administered intravenously (FA-ExoPAC-i.v.) all showed significant inhibition of tumor growth, matching or outperforming inhibition by Abraxane™. Data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnet’s multiple comparison of means (*p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001, ****p<.0001). Figure in Panel A is reproduced from Munagala, et. al. 2021 [111] with permission from Elsevier and in Panel B adopted from Kandimalla, et. al. [139] with permission from the authors.