Table 2.
I-FABP exponentiated β (95% CI) | sCD14 exponentiated β (95% CI) | TNF-α exponentiated β (95% CI) | IFN-γ exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-2 exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-6 exponentiated β (95% CI) | |
Stratified by HIV and LTBI status | ||||||
Unadjusted | ||||||
HC | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
LTBI | 0.99 (0.88, 1.19) | 0.96 (077, 1.18) | 1.16 (0.89, 1.52) | 1.39 (0.78, 2.49) | 1.09 (1.00, 1.89) | 1.33 (0.84, 2.12) |
HIV | 1.61 (1.34, 1.92) | 1.97 (1.58, 2.44) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.30) | 1.06 (0.59, 1.91) | 2.14 (1.07, 2.02) | 1.35 (0.86, 2.12) |
HIV+LTBI+ | 1.47 (1.22, 1.22) | 1.93 (1.55, 2.41) | 1.34 (1.03, 1.75) | 1.57 (0.88, 2.80) | 1.90 (1.25, 2.33) | 1.65 (1.03, 2.61) |
a Fully adjusted | ||||||
HC | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
LTBI | 1.03 (0.85, 1.24) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.26) | 1.19 (0.90, 1.59) | 1.16 (0.75, 1.80) | 1.24 (0.87, 1.77) | 1.35 (0.80, 2.26) |
HIV | 1.55 (1.29, 1.83) | 1.81 (1.45, 2.28) | 1.12 (0.84, 1.48) | 1.08 (0.70, 1.66) | 1.32 (0.93, 1.88) | 1.52 (0.91, 2.53) |
HIV+LTBI+ | 1.37 (1.19, 1.73) | 1.82 (1.45, 2.29) | 1.48 (1.11, 1.97) | 1.27 (0.81, 1.99) | 1.40 (0.98, 2.02) | 1.97 (1.17, 3.33) |
IL-12p70 exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-15 exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-17A exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-4 exponentiated β (95%CI) | IL-5 exponentiated β (95% CI) | IL-13 exponentiated β (95% CI) | |
Stratified by HIV and LTBI status | ||||||
Unadjusted | ||||||
HC | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
LTBI | 1.27 (0.61, 2.64) | 1.08 (0.88, 1.35) | 1.35 (1.04, 1.76) | 1.04 (0.63, 1.72) | 1.09 (0.70, 1.68) | 1.36 (0.88, 2.12) |
HIV | 0.68 (0.33, 1.40) | 1.49 (1.22, 1.82) | 1.19 (0.92, 1.55) | 1.03 (0.63, 1.68) | 2.14 (1.39, 3.29) | 0.77 (0.49, 1.19) |
HIV+LTBI+ | 2.18 (1.05, 4.48) | 1.59 (1.27, 1.92) | 1.42 (1.09, 1.84) | 2.10 (1.29, 3.50) | 1.90 (1.23, 2.94) | 1.60 (1.04, 2.45) |
a Fully adjusted | ||||||
HC | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
LTBI | 1.23 (0.55, 2.71) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.32) | 1.51 (1.12, 2.03) | 0.93 (0.54, 1.24) | 1.02 (0.62, 1.67) | 1.49 (0.90, 1.59) |
HIV | 0.82 (0.37, 1.80) | 1.48 (1.16, 1.87) | 1.31 (0.97, 1.75) | 1.08 (0.63, 1.83) | 1.95 (1.20, 3.18) | 0.93 (0.84, 1.48) |
HIV+LTBI+ | 2.57 (1.15, 5.70) | 1.63 (1.28, 2.08) | 1.48 (1.08, 1.95) | 2.23 (1.29, 1.73) | 2.22 (1.16, 3.12) | 1.48 (1.11, 1.97) |
HIV+LTBI+; HIV+LTBI+, HIV; HIV+LTBI−, LTBI; HIV−LTBI+, and HC; HIV−LTBI−.
I-FABP, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein; IFN-γ; interferon gamma; IL, interleukin; sCD14, cluster of differentiation 14; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.
Fully adjusted for age, sex, HDL, body mass index, hypertension, body mass index, smoking, and alcohol use, and education status.
Results are presented as exponentiated β coefficients and 95% CI. Interpret the coefficient as fold increase in mean level of the biomarkers of interest comparing the groups with HC for example 1.63 will be interpreted as HIV+LTBI+ have 63% higher mean IL-15 level in comparison to HC.
Sensitivity analysis restricted to integrase inhibitor users showed similar trend in the association between biomarkers and HIV/LTBI status.