Table 4.
Factors Associated with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
| Variable | Delayed Cerebral Ischemia | Z | χ2 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presence (n=34) | Absence (n=89) | ||||
| Gender (male/female) | 18/16 | 37/52 | – | 0.000 | 0.995 |
| Age (years) | 55.5±11.2 | 54.1±11.1 | −0.631 | – | 0.528 |
| Cigarette smoking | 8 (23.5%) | 17 (19.1%) | – | 0.298 | 0.585 |
| Alcohol consumption | 7 (20.6%) | 25 (28.1%) | – | 0.719 | 0.396 |
| Hypertension | 8 (23.5%) | 16 (18.0%) | – | 0.483 | 0.487 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 4 (11.8%) | 11 (12.4%) | – | 0.008 | 0.928 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (26.5%) | 12 (13.5%) | – | 2.931 | 0.087 |
| WFNS score | 4 (3–5) | 3 (2–4) | −4.830 | – | <0.001* |
| Modified Fisher score | 3 (2–4) | 2 (1–3) | −3.687 | – | <0.001* |
| Aneurysmal position (posterior / anterior circulation) | 24/10 | 73/16 | – | 1.929 | 0.165 |
| Aneurysmal shape (cystic/others) | 29/5 | 73/16 | – | 0.186 | 0.666 |
| Aneurysmal diameter (<10 mm/≥10 mm) | 20/14 | 53/36 | – | 0.005 | 0.941 |
| Surgery (clipping/ endovascular intervention) | 16/18 | 34/55 | – | 0.800 | 0.371 |
| Intraventricular bleeding | 11 (32.4%) | 10 (11.2%) | – | 7.479 | 0.005* |
| Acute hydrocephalus | 10 (29.4%) | 9 (10.1%) | – | 7.016 | 0.008* |
| External ventricular drain | 7 (20.6%) | 11 (12.4%) | – | 1.333 | 0.248 |
| Admission time (h) | 7.0 (3.8–12.3) | 7.0 (5.0–11.0) | −0.697 | – | 0.710 |
| Blood-collection time (h) | 7.5 (4.5–13.3) | 7.5 (5.4–11.9) | −0.791 | – | 0.736 |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 147 (135–155) | 150 (133–163) | −1.062 | – | 0.207 |
| Diastolic arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89.0±13.6 | 86.1±14.6 | −0.010 | – | 0.311 |
| Blood leucocyte count (×109/L) | 9.9±3.1 | 8.6±2.6 | −2.161 | – | 0.031* |
| Blood potassium concentrations (mmol/L) | 3.76±0.53 | 3.81±0.40 | −0.559 | – | 0.549 |
| Blood glucose concentrations (mmol/L) | 8.5 (6.0–14.6) | 7.1 (5.3–8.8) | −2.033 | – | 0.042* |
| Serum NOX2 levels > 2603.83 pg/mL | 23 (67.6%) | 21 (23.6%) | – | 20.779 | <0.001* |
Notes: Qualitative variables were presented as counts (percentages) and were compared for intergroup difference using chi-square test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Quantitative variables were summarized as medians (Upper - lower quartiles) or the means ± standard deviations as appropriate. Intergroup comparisons were done using unpaired Student t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test where appropriate. The asterisk indicates statistical significance (*P<0.05).
Abbreviations: WFNS, World Federation of Neurological Societies Scale; NOX2, NADPH oxidase 2.