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. 2023 Apr 19;14:1138666. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138666

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Intraperitoneal administration of A2AR PAM-1 induces sleep in mice with mania-like behavior. (A) VGAT-Cre mice were injected with AAV-FLEX-DTA (VGAT-CreDTA/VMP mice) or AAV-FLEX-hrGFP (VGAT-CrehrGFP/VMP mice, control) into the VMP region. (B,C) Brain sections stained against VGAT mRNA in VGAT-CreDTA/VMP (B) and VGAT-CrehrGFP/VMP (C) mice confirm that the VMP GABAergic neurons were ablated in VGAT-Cre mice. RN, red nucleus; SN, substantia nigra; VTA, ventral tegmental area. Scale bar, 500 μm. (D–R) Time course (D–I), total amount (J–L), mean duration (M–O), and episode number (P–R) of SWS, REMS, and wakefulness in VGAT-CreDTA/VMP and VGAT-CrehrGFP/VMP mice after administration of saline or A2ARPAM-1. (S) Wake episode spectrum in VGAT-CreDTA/VMP mice. (T) Latency to sleep onset in VGAT-CreDTA/VMP and VGAT-CrehrGFP/VMP mice after administering saline or A2ARPAM-1. (U, V) SWS EEG power density for 6 h after injecting saline or A2AR PAM-1 into VGAT-CreDTA/VMP (U) and VGAT-CrehrGFP/VMP (V) mice. Data (n = 6/group) are presented as mean ± SEM. Significance levels are indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.