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. 2023 Apr 19;14:1138666. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138666

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Copyright © 2023 Lin, Roy, Ioka, Otani, Amezawa, Ishikawa, Cherasse, Kaushik, Klewe-Nebenius, Zhou, Yanagisawa, Oishi, Saitoh and Lazarus.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intraperitoneal injection of A_2ARPAM-2 induces sleep in mice with mania-like behavior. (A–O) Time course (A–F), total amount (G–I), mean duration (J–L), and episode number (M–O) of SWS, REMS, and wakefulness in VGAT-Cre^DTA/VMP and VGAT-Cre^hrGFP/VMP mice after administering saline or A_2ARPAM-2. (P) Wake episode spectrum in VGAT-Cre^DTA/VMP mice. (Q) Latency to sleep onset in VGAT-Cre^DTA/VMP and VGAT-Cre^hrGFP/VMP mice after administering saline or A_2ARPAM-2. (R,S) SWS EEG power density for 6 h after injection of saline or A_2ARPAM-2 into VGAT-Cre^DTA/VMP (R) and VGAT-Cre^hrGFP/VMP (S) mice. Data (n = 6/group) are presented as mean ± SEM. Significance levels are indicated as *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.