Reduction of ipRGCs in dorsal Tbx3 cKO retinas starting at birth. (A, B) Cryostat sections (20 µm) of P0 retinas from WT and Tbx3 cKO mice immunostained with an anti-Tbr2 antibody marking early ipRGCs. Dashed bar indicates 300-µm area of Tbr2+ cells counted in the dorsal and central retinal sections. (C) Graph of the quantitation of Tbr2+ cells in P0 and P1 dorsal retinas (WT, N = 5; cKO, N = 4). An unpaired, two-tailed t-test was used to determine statistical significance. (D–E’) Inverse images of P9 flatmount WT and cKO retinas immunostained with anti-OPN4 antibody marking differentiated ipRGCs. The dashed box shows the area magnified in D’ and E’. Density of cells was measured in dorsal, nasal/temporal (N/T), and ventral petals and normalized to WT siblings. (F) Graphs showing quantitation of OPN4+ cells in each region. (G) Inverse image of P30 cKO flatmount with magnified area (dashed box) shown in panel G’. (H) Graphs of OPN4+ cells per whole retina of P9 (WT, N = 4; cKO, N = 3) and P30 samples (WT, N = 4; cKO, N = 3). Unpaired, two-tailed t-tests were used to determine statistical significance; P values are shown on the graphs in C, F, and H.