Table 5.
Scores of insomnia, Mini-Z, and Sheehan disability scales for the one-year sample participants.
| Characteristics | Total Scores | |||||
| Insomnia Severity Index | Mini-Z Survey | Sheehan Disability Scale | ||||
| Mean (SD) | p-value | Mean ± SD | p-value | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
| Age, y | ||||||
| 23-27 | 8.16 (5.34) | 0.086 | 29.86 (6.29) | 0.023 | 22.79 (6.16) | 0.727 |
| 28-31 | 9.77 (7.32) | 30.17 (5.27) | 23.60 (4.88) | |||
| 32-39 | 9.85 (6.45) | 31.03 (4.76) | 22.93 (4.47) | |||
| ≥40 | 7.22 (5.90) | 33.02 (6.14) | 22.31 (5.81) | |||
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 8.64 (6.43) | 0.942 | 31.00 (6.02) | 0.630 | 22.71 (5.43) | 0.784 |
| Female | 8.71 (6.08) | 31.42 (5.17) | 22.92 (4.90) | |||
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Never married | 9.16 (6.24) | 0.330 | 30.06 (5.39) | 0.021 | 22.64 (5.17) | 0.755 |
| Married | 8.30 (6.35) | 31.90 (5.92) | 22.87 (5.35) | |||
| Number of children in the family (among married ones) | ||||||
| Zero | 11.45 (6.31) | 0.279 | 31.09 (6.36) | 0.299 | 23.82 (5.40) | 0.668 |
| 1-2 | 8.53 (6.36) | 31.12 (5.51) | 22.28 (5.01) | |||
| 3-4 | 7.43 (6.41) | 32.45 (6.67) | 23.15 (6.15) | |||
| >4 | 7.36 (5.93) | 34.21 (4.66) | 23.79 (4.34) | |||
| Living with the elderly (65 years or older) | ||||||
| No | 8.31 (6.41) | 0.490 | 30.88 (5.27) | 0.589 | 22.83 (4.78) | 0.887 |
| Yes | 8.92 (6.24) | 31.31 (6.12) | 22.73 (5.61) | |||
| Occupation | ||||||
| Physician | 8.81 (6.51) | 0.325 | 30.80 (5.77) | 0.050 | 22.97 (5.39) | 0.193 |
| Others | 7.81 (4.98) | 32.97 (5.49) | 21.66 (4.40) | |||
| Work hours, weekly | ||||||
| <40 | 8.18 (6.39) | 0.258 | 32.34 (5.83) | 0.001 | 22.39 (5.30) | 0.270 |
| ≥40 | 9.17 (6.21) | 29.84 (5.43) | 23.18 (5.22) | |||
| Monthly income, JD | ||||||
| <500 | 11.48 (5.79) | 0.007 | 28.71 (5.21) | 0.004 | 24.24 (5.03) | 0.414 |
| 500-1000 | 9.29 (6.38) | 30.35 (5.78) | 22.58 (5.21) | |||
| 1000-2000 | 9.10 (7.12) | 31.00 (5.12) | 23.47 (4.37) | |||
| >2000 | 6.65 (5.48) | 33.08 (5.73) | 22.27 (5.76) | |||
| COVID-19 testing | ||||||
| No | 6.74 (6.54) | 0.122 | 33.52 (5.70) | 0.035 | 21.13 (7.65) | 0.270 |
| Yes | 8.89 (6.26) | 30.84 (5.72) | 22.97 (4.88) | |||
| COVID-19 infected | ||||||
| No | 8.50 (6.28) | 0.627 | 31.43 (5.74) | 0.369 | 22.75 (5.38) | 0.934 |
| Yes | 8.88 (6.37) | 30.71 (5.80) | 22.81 (5.13) | |||
| Direct contact with COVID-19 patients or samples | ||||||
| No | 8.29 (6.21) | 0.444 | 32.69 (5.01) | 0.889 | 21.50 (5.47) | 0.706 |
| Yes | 8.83 (6.41) | 30.39 (5.97) | 23.38 (5.07) | |||
| Perceived level of contact with COVID-19 patients | ||||||
| 1 (Lowest) | 5.69 (4.89) | 0.055 | 36.69 (3.92) | <0.001 | 20.62 (4.09) | 0.003 |
| 2 | 7.55 (5.16) | 32.27 (5.40) | 20.14 (6.43) | |||
| 3 | 8.37 (6.71) | 31.12 (5.61) | 22.73 (4.90) | |||
| 4 | 8.24 (6.37) | 31.59 (5.45) | 22.44 (5.34) | |||
| 5 (Highest) | 10.60 (6.18) | 28.84 (5.80) | 24.76 (4.66) | |||
| Estimated number of COVID-19 patients that participants dealt with | ||||||
| Zero | 8.22 (6.12) | 0.113 | 32.48 (4.95) | 0. 015 | 21.47 (5.44) | 0.018 |
| 1-49 | 8.00 (5.37) | 31.30 (5.71) | 22.72 (5.50) | |||
| 50-100 | 11.20 (7.82) | 30.47 (6.29) | 23.63 (5.21) | |||
| >100 | 8.67 (6.88) | 28.98 (6.26) | 24.52 (3.97) | |||
| Receiving a special education to deal with COVID-19 patients | ||||||
| No | 9.29 (6.82) | 0.062 | 31.03 (5.26) | 0.777 | 22.46 (5.62) | 0.258 |
| Yes | 7.72 (5.36) | 31.27 (6.47) | 23.25 (4.66) | |||
| Participants’ evaluation of their institution's preparedness to deal with COVID-19 patients | ||||||
| Very bad | 13.10 (5.55) | 0.007 | 23.30 (4.57) | <0.001 | 25.20 (7.76) | 0.100 |
| Bad | 10.63 (7.26) | 28.97 (5.20) | 24.23 (4.63) | |||
| Fair | 8.85 (5.88) | 30.15 (5.15) | 23.08 (4.51) | |||
| Good | 8.34 (6.35) | 32.51 (4.71) | 21.41 (5.36) | |||
| Very good | 5.95 (5.40) | 32.83 (7.00) | 22.49 (5.82) | |||
| Excellent | 7.67 (4.59) | 34.51 (5.98) | 22.17 (5.00) | |||
| Perceived changes in work schedule and intensity due to the COVID-19 pandemic | ||||||
| No change | 6.64 (4.87) | <0.001 | 34.19 (6.72) | 0.009 | 21.51 (4.69) | 0.041 |
| A little | 7.54 (4.93) | 31.08 (5.68) | 22.08 (3.38) | |||
| Some | 7.57 (6.31) | 31.98 (5.26) | 22.29 (5.24) | |||
| Much | 11.32 (6.79) | 31.51 (5.96) | 23.19 (3.90) | |||
| Very much | 11.50 (5.60) | 29.02 (5.06) | 24.54 (6.05) | |||
| Perceived changes in social life due to the COVID-19 pandemic | ||||||
| 1 (No change) | 6.76 (5.74) | 0.003 | 31.17 (4.49) | 0.788 | 16.50 (8.17) | <0.001 |
| 2 | 9.50 (4.51) | 31.67 (4.93) | 20.53 (5.30) | |||
| 3 | 9.93 (6.68) | 31.37 (5.75) | 22.70 (4.51) | |||
| 4 (Extreme change) | 10.19 (5.99) | 30.64 (6.23) | 24.28 (5.14) | |||