Table 3.
Association of Covariates With Positive Tuberculosis Test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis
| Characteristic | Entire Cohort (n = 30 513) | a Mycobacterium tuberculosis Positive (n = 1823) | Relative Risk (95% Confidence Interval) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age category (n = 305 100), y | |||
| ȃ18–29 | 7524 | 557 (7.4%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃ30–39 | 10 020 | 640 (6.4%) | .9 (.8–1) |
| ȃ40–49 | 7132 | 376 (5.3%) | .7 (.6–.9) |
| ȃ50+ | 5834 | 250 (4.3%) | .6 (.4–.8) |
| Sex (n = 30 487) | |||
| ȃFemale | 18 934 | 769 (4.1) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃMale | 1153 | 1052 (9.1%) | 2.2 (2.1–2.5) |
| Symptom status (n = 30 472) | |||
| ȃNo symptoms reported | 22 255 | 994 (4.5%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃSymptomatic | 8217 | 826 (10.1%) | 2.3 (1.7–2.9) |
| HIV status (n = 30 510) | |||
| ȃNo HIV | 8192 | 665 (8.1%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃHIV | 21 734 | 1094 (5.0%) | .6 (.5–.8) |
| ȃUnknown | 587 | 64 (11.0%) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) |
| ART status (n = 8510) | |||
| ȃOn ART at enrollment | 7421 | 294 (4.0%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃNot on ART at enrollment | 1089 | 130 (11.9%) | 3.1 (2.0–4.7) |
| TB contact (n = 30 496) | |||
| ȃNo | 18 004 | 887 (5.0%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃYes | 12 492 | 936 (7.5%) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9) |
| Prior TB (n = 30 476) | |||
| ȃNo | 28 903 | 1634 (5.7%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃYes | 1573 | 188 (12.0%) | 2.1 (1.7–2.7) |
| Province (n = 30 513) | |||
| ȃGauteng | 6593 | 131 (2.0%) | 1.0 (reference) |
| ȃKwaZulu Natal | 14 381 | 1027 (7.1%) | 3.6 (2.5–5.2) |
| ȃWestern Cape | 9539 | 665 (7.0%) | 3.5 (2.5–4.8) |
At least 1 laboratory result (Xpert and/or Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube culture) positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Xpert trace-positive results excluded). Data are unadjusted relative risk (95% confidence interval). Expert trace results excluded.
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TB, tuberculosis.