. 2023 May 3;131(5):057001. doi: 10.1289/EHP11814

Table 3.

Distribution of plasma PFAS in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) cases and controls among women diagnosed with infertility in Shanghai, Shandong, and Zhejiang provinces, China, 2014–2016.

PFAS (ng/mL)^a	PCOS cases ( $lowercase italic n equals 366$ )		Controls ( $lowercase italic n equals 577$ )		$p$ -Value^b
PFAS (ng/mL)^a	$> LOD$ (%)	Median (P25–P75)	$> LOD$ (%)	Median (P25–P75)	$p$ -Value^b
Legacy PFAS
PFOA	100	8.52 (5.37–14.75)	100	7.18 (3.70–12.61)	0.006
T-PFOS^c	100	5.07 (3.73–7.61)	100	3.91 (2.71–6.66)	0.009
PFNA	100	0.92 (0.57–1.48)	100	0.77 (0.41–1.44)	0.007
PFDA	100	0.92 (0.59–1.56)	100	0.69 (0.34–1.44)	0.005
T-PFHxS^d	100	0.31 (0.17–0.65)	100	0.22 (0.10–0.52)	0.0006
PFHpS	98.4	0.09 (0.06–0.14)	98.3	0.08 (0.05–0.14)	0.002
PFDoA	98.6	0.14 (0.11–0.20)	99.8	0.11 (0.08–0.17)	0.0002
PFUnDA	100	0.66 (0.43–1.19)	100	0.49 (0.23–1.14)	0.003
PFAS isomers
n-PFHxS	99.2	0.30 (0.21–0.50)	99.7	0.22 (0.12–0.38)	0.008
br-PFHxS	89.6	0.03 (0.02–0.04)	92.0	0.02 (0.01–0.02)	0.001
n-PFOS	100	4.26 (2.59–7.42)	100	3.29 (1.72–6.69)	0.003
$6 lowercase m-uppercase p f o s$	89.3	0.39 (0.21–0.63)	91.7	0.31 (0.17–0.48)	0.009
$1 lowercase m-uppercase p f o s$	98.6	0.16 (0.11–0.22)	99.1	0.11 (0.08–0.20)	0.004
$uppercase sigma 3,4,5 lowercase m-uppercase p f o s$	99.2	0.58 (0.38–1.11)	99.3	0.47 (0.23–0.87)	0.0007
PFAS alternatives
6:2 Cl-PFESA	100	3.72 (2.55–6.07)	100.0	2.96 (1.57–6.46)	0.0001
8:2 Cl-PFESA	92.1	0.10 (0.05–0.15)	91.7	0.06 (0.03–0.14)	0.001
HFPO-DA	94.3	0.04 (0.03–0.07)	89.9	0.02 (0.01–0.04)	0.0009
Short-chain PFAS
PFBS	89.3	0.06 (0.03–0.10)	89.4	0.05 (0.03–0.10)	0.06
PFBA	99.5	0.09 (0.06–0.13)	99.1	0.08 (0.06–0.11)	0.008
PFPeS	95.1	0.01 (0.01–0.01)	95.5	0.01 (0.00–0.01)	0.03
PFPeA	88	0.04 (0.02–0.10)	87.5	0.02 (0.01–0.08)	0.007
PFHxA	94.5	0.02 (0.02–0.03)	94.5	0.01 (0.01–0.01)	0.0003
PFHpA	98.6	0.07 (0.05–0.11)	99.3	0.05 (0.03–0.08)	0.006

Note: LOD, limit of detection; P, percentile; PFAS, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances.

^{^a}

For full chemical names see Table 1.

^{^b}

Wilcoxon rank-sum test for PFAS level between PCOS cases and controls.

^{^c}

$Total PFOS (T -PFOS) = n -PFOS + 6 m -PFOS + 1 m -PFOS + \sum 3,4,5 m -PFOS$ .

^{^d}

$Total PFHxS (T -PFHxS) = n -PFHxS + br-PFHxS$ .