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. 2023 May 3;54:40. doi: 10.1186/s13567-023-01172-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Macroscopic and histopathologic findings. Macroscopic differences in the consistency of the ingesta in cranial (top) and caudal small intestine (middle) and colon (bottom) of A control calves and B C. parvum-infected calves are most obvious in the colon. C Macroscopic evaluation revealed a severe, acute to subacute, diffuse, catarrhal enteritis in the C. parvum-infected calves (red boxes), whereas all but one calves of the control group (gray boxes) displayed no enteritis; N = 5, Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test, p < 0.05. The main histopathological finding is a marked reduction in the small intestinal villus length in the C. parvum-infected (D) as compared to control calves (E); scale bar = 200 μm, hematoxylin-eosin staining. Higher magnification (inserts) displays multiple apicomplexan cysts characteristic of C. parvum; scale bar = 20 μm. F Marked villus atrophy as the histopathological correlate of the macroscopic enteritis is demonstrated by a decreased villus-crypt-ratio in the jejunum of infected calves (red boxes) compared to control calves (gray boxes). N = 5, Student’s t-test. Boxes show median and percentiles plus error bars.