Table 1.
Differences in baseline cohort characteristics before and after propensity weighting between patients with and without cancer who were admitted to the hospital for heart failure during 1 January 2012–31 March 2018
| Baseline | Total | Before propensity weighting | After propensity weighting | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer | Difference | Standardized difference | Cancer | Difference | Standardized difference | ||||
| Yes | No | Yes | No | ||||||
| Number of patients | 221 953 | 12 867 | 209 086 | — | — | 12 867 | 209 086 | — | — |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 78.1 (12.6) | 80.8 (8.9) | 77.9 (12.7) | 2.8 | −0.259 | 80.8 | 80.8 | 0.0 | 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||||||
| Male | 119 241 (53.7%) | 7923 (61.6%) | 111 318 (53.2%) | 8.4 | 0.169 | 61.6% | 61.4% | 0.2 | 0.003 |
| Female | 102 712 (46.3%) | 4944 (38.4%) | 97 768 (46.8%) | −8.4 | 38.4% | 38.6% | −0.2 | −0.003 | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | |||||||||
| Unknown | 86 852 (39.1%) | 4769 (37.1%) | 82 083 (39.3%) | −2.2 | 0.045 | 37.1% | 37.1% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Black | 3245 (1.5%) | 176 (1.4%) | 3069 (1.5%) | −0.1 | 0.008 | 1.4% | 1.4% | 0.0 | 0.001 |
| Other | 7806 (3.5%) | 434 (3.4%) | 7372 (3.5%) | −0.1 | 0.008 | 3.4% | 3.4% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| South Asian | 2279 (1.0%) | 58 (0.5%) | 2221 (1.1%) | −0.6 | 0.071 | 0.5% | 0.5% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| White | 121 771 (54.9%) | 7430 (57.7%) | 114 341 (54.7%) | 3.0 | 0.062 | 57.7% | 57.7% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Pre-existing conditions | |||||||||
| Ischaemic heart disease, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 125 801 (56.7%) | 7409 (57.6%) | 118 392 (56.6%) | 1.0 | 0.019 | 57.6% | 57.6% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 86 183 (38.8%) | 4917 (38.2%) | 81 266 (38.9%) | −0.7 | 0.013 | 38.2% | 38.2% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 9969 (4.5%) | 541 (4.2%) | 9428 (4.5%) | −0.3 | 0.015 | 4.2% | 4.2% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Valve disease, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 162 473 (73.2%) | 9536 (74.1%) | 152 937 (73.1%) | 1.0 | 0.022 | 74.1% | 74.1% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 48 270 (21.7%) | 2742 (21.3%) | 45 528 (21.8%) | −0.5 | 0.011 | 21.3% | 21.3% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 11 210 (5.1%) | 589 (4.6%) | 10 621 (5.1%) | −0.5 | 0.023 | 4.6% | 4.6% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 148 740 (67.0%) | 8967 (69.7%) | 139 773 (66.8%) | 2.9 | 0.061 | 69.7% | 69.7% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 66 419 (29.9%) | 3531 (27.4%) | 62 888 (30.1%) | −2.7 | 0.058 | 27.4% | 27.5% | −0.1 | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 6794 (3.1%) | 369 (2.9%) | 6425 (3.1%) | −0.2 | 0.012 | 2.9% | 2.9% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 174 230 (78.5%) | 9954 (77.4%) | 164 276 (78.6%) | −1.2 | 0.029 | 77.4% | 77.3% | 0.1 | 0.000 |
| Yes | 36 013 (16.2%) | 2306 (17.9%) | 33 707 (16.1%) | 1.8 | 0.048 | 17.9% | 17.9% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 11 710 (5.3%) | 607 (4.7%) | 11 103 (5.3%) | −0.6 | 0.027 | 4.7% | 4.7% | 0.0 | 0.000 |
| HF presentation | |||||||||
| HFrEF, n (%) | |||||||||
| No | 97 927 (44.1%) | 5838 (45.4%) | 92 089 (44.0%) | 1.4 | 0.027 | 45.4% | 44.7% | 0.7 | 0.013 |
| Yes | 119 446 (53.8%) | 6750 (52.5%) | 112 696 (53.9%) | −1.4 | 0.029 | 52.5% | 53.2% | −0.7 | −0.016 |
| Unknown | 4580 (2.1%) | 279 (2.2%) | 4301 (2.1%) | 0.1 | 0.008 | 2.2% | 2.0% | 0.2 | 0.010 |
| NYHA Classification, n (%) | |||||||||
| 1 | 13 904 (6.3%) | 763 (5.9%) | 13 141 (6.3%) | −0.4 | 0.015 | 5.9% | 6.2% | −0.3 | −0.012 |
| 2 | 31 697 (14.3%) | 1753 (13.6%) | 29 944 (14.3%) | −0.7 | 0.020 | 13.6% | 14.1% | −0.5 | −0.014 |
| 3 | 90 471 (40.8%) | 5263 (40.9%) | 85 208 (40.8%) | 0.1 | 0.003 | 40.9% | 41.0% | −0.1 | −0.002 |
| 4 | 71 043 (32.0%) | 4273 (33.2%) | 66 770 (31.9%) | 1.3 | 0.027 | 33.2% | 32.2% | 1.0 | 0.022 |
| Unknown | 14 838 (6.7%) | 815 (6.3%) | 14 023 (6.7%) | −0.4 | 0.015 | 6.3% | 6.5% | −0.2 | −0.007 |
HFrEF, failure with reduced ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association. Age is listed in years as mean (SD). All other information is number (%).
Propensity score includes the variables: age at HF admission, sex, ethnicity year of HF admission, ischaemic heart disease, valve disease, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.