Table 7.

Cyanobacteria-induced plants protection against different abiotic stresses

Crop plants and stress	Cyanobacteria	Improvement effect	References
Salinity  Mentha piperita fields	Anabaena vaginicola ISB42, Anabaena oscillarioides ISB46, Anabaena torulosa, Anabaena sphaerica ISB23, Trichormus ellipsosporus, and Nostoc calcicola	Stimulated germination percentage by 88, 87, 89, 86, 87, and 87%, respectively	(Shariatmadari et al. 2015)
Salinity  Lettuce plants	Oculatella lusitanica LEGE	Increasing the non-enzymatic antioxidant reduced glutathione (66.67%) and decrease oxidative stress markers (H2O2, MDA, and proline by 32.5%, 21.43%, and 12.5%, respectively)	(Brito et al. 2022)
High or low temperatures, salinity, and drought  Poplar plants	Aphanothece halophytica	Induced heat shock protein-like 70 (HSP70) and Photosynthetic activity (1.4-fold)	(Takabe et al. 2008)
Irradiation, extreme temperatures, herbicides, oxidative, drought, and heat stress  Tobacco plants	Anabaena sp.	Induction of protein pattern by 1.5-fold	(Gharechahi et al. 2015)
Fusillade herbicide  Faba bean	Arthrospira platensis	Decreased root and shoot proline content by 42.9% and 33.3%, respectively. Also, reduced the lipid peroxidation (MDA content by 98.7%)	(Osman et al. 2016)
Granstar herbicide  Barley plants	Nostoc muscorum	Increased yield parameters [number of spikes/plant (90%), spike length (23.5%), the weight of spike (1.13-fold), number of grains/spike (82.4%), and weight of 100 grains (92.3%)]	(Abo-Shady et al. 2018)
Brominal herbicide  Wheat plants	Arthrospira platensis	Induced by 1.13-fold for chl a, 1.05-fold for chl b, 88.89% for carotenoids, and 90.63% for total pigments, and also by 41.49 and 58.62% for carbohydrates and protein content, respectively	(Osman et al. 2022)