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. 2023 May 3;14:2553. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-37925-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — E. coli (panel A) or S. aureus (panel B) biofilm formation assay in the presence of purified bacterial polysaccharides. G2cps was included as a positive control of active macromolecules and water was used as the negative control. Red: active polysaccharides with Vi, MenA, MenC, G2cps, PRP, and PnPS3 displaying broad spectrum of action, while PnPS18C is only active against Gram+ bacteria and PnPS12F against Gram- bacteria. Each experiment corresponds to n = 3 biologically independent experiments in presence of 100 μg/mL of each macromolecule, except for the control (n = 4). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. Statistical analyzes correspond to two-tailed unpaired t-test with Welch correction. Error bars represent SD. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001.