Table 3.

Alcohol-related diseases in the matched cohort, stratified by vitamin D status in bariatric surgery group vs abdominal surgery group

Vitamin D deficiency
Clinical outcome	Bariatric surgery (n = 17,677)	Abdominal surgery (n = 3,562)	OR (95% CI)	p value
Alcohol use disorder	2.90%	2.30%	1.27 (1.02–1.61)	0.04
Alcohol-related liver disease	0.40%	0.31%	1.25 (0.66–1.37)	0.40
Liver cirrhosis/complications	10.5%	7.0%	1.56 (1.36–1.78)	< 0.001
Psychiatric disorders associated with AUD	0.5%	0.1%	3.88 (1.58–9.55)	0.003
Vitamin D normal
Clinical outcome	Bariatric surgery (n = 729,202)	Abdominal surgery (n = 1,447,148)	OR (95% CI)	p value
Alcohol use disorder	3.40%	1.40%	2.48 (2.44–2.53)	< 0.001
Alcohol-related liver disease	0.61%	0.10%	3.90 (3.70–4.11)	< 0.001
Liver cirrhosis/complications	5.20%	2.50%	2.09 (2.06–2.12)	< 0.001
Psychiatric disorders associated with AUD	0.80%	0.21%	4.79 (4.57–5.02)	< 0.001

Data are presented as frequencies (%). Odds ratio (OR) (95%, confidential interval) and p value