Table 1.
Treating ALS via the GBA.
| Treatment plan | Detailed method | References |
|---|---|---|
| Probiotic therapy | 1. Restoration of microbial and intestinal homeostasis in ALS mice treated with oxalate | (72) |
| 2. In ALS mice treated with butyrate, the percentage of abnormal Paneth cells decreased significantly, and lysozyme 1 and antimicrobial peptide defensin 5α were restored in the intestinal tract | (72) | |
| 3. Neuroinflammation was relieved and cognitive function improved with use of B-GOS in rats | (103) | |
| 4. Probiotic-4 alleviates age-related damage to the integrity of the blood–brain barrier and intestinal barrier | (104) | |
| 5. Curcumin supplementation for ALS patients resulted in absence of clear progression of the disease | (108) | |
| Dietary intervention | 1. A ketogenic diet reduces neuronal degeneration | (106) |
| 2. A ketogenic diet adds vitamins and reduces the rate of motor neuron degeneration | (107) | |
| 3. No significant disease progression was observed in ALS patients whose diets were supplemented with curcumin | (108) | |
| 4. Total carotenoid intake was associated with a reduced risk of ALS | (109) | |
| 5. Polyphenols have neuroprotective effects | (110) | |
| FMT | Use of WMT to delay disease progression | (114) |
| Antibiotics | 1. Ceftriaxone has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects | (84) |
| 2. Post-antibiotic treatment prolongs the lifespan of SOD1G93A mice | (119) | |
| Phage therapy | 1. Phage-specific enhancement of single chain variable fragment antibodies (scFvs) against SOD1G93A motor neuron loss, microgliosis, astrocytosis, and SOD1 burden and accumulation in mice | (123) |
| 2. Oral phage combination improves intestinal inflammation and effectively avoids antibiotic resistance | (124) | |
| Carbon nanoparticles | High adsorption capacity for LPS etc | (125) |
| Intestinal mucosa resurfacing | Improvement of the intestinal barrier | (124) |