Table 2.
Results in dogs with hip dysplasia that underwent acetabular rim extension with a titanium shelf implant as measured preoperatively (at inclusion), postoperatively (T = 0), at 1.5 months (T = 1.5 m), and at 3 months (T = 3 m) follow-up.
| Outcome measurements | Preoperatively | T = 0 | T = 1.5 m | T = 3 m | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radiographic measurements (mean ± SD) | NA (°) | 90 ± 12a | 138 ± 19b | 136 ± 19b | – | < 0.001* |
| LFO (%) | 29 ± 15a | 81 ± 19b | 82 ± 16b | – | 0.042* | |
| PC (%) | 35 ± 19a | 85 ± 17b | 83 ± 18b | – | < 0.001* | |
| CT-scan measurements (mean ± SD) | NA (°) | 87± 13a | 134 ± 19b | - | 131 ± 20b | < 0.001* |
| LFO (%) | 22 ± 15a | 81 ± 16b | - | 76 ± 19c | < 0.001* | |
| PC (%) | 33 ± 17a | 79 ± 21b | - | 77 ± 20b | 0.002* | |
| Ground reaction forces (mean ± SD) | PVF (%BW) | 40.86 ± 6a | – | 38.9 ± 5.5b | 39.21 ± 4.4b | 0.024** |
| P/T index | 0.61 ± 0.1a | – | 0.56 ± 0.1b | 0.58 ± 0.1b | < 0.001** | |
| VI (%BW.s) | 14.36 ± 2.9 | – | 14.04 ± 2.9 | 13.68 ± 3.3 | 0.118 | |
| Breaking force (%BW) | 6.39 ± 1.6 | – | 6.21 ± 1.9 | 6.32 ± 1.7 | 0.781 | |
| Propulsion force (%BW) | 6.44 ± 1.4a | – | 6.0 ± 1.6a, b | 5.31 ± 1.6b | < 0.001** | |
| HCPI (%) (Mean ± SD) | 31.44 ± 11.9a | – | 20.39± 10.9b | 17.69± 10.8b | < 0.001** | |
NA, Norberg angle; LFO, linear percentage of femoral head overlap; PC, percentage of femoral head coverage; SD, standard deviation; PVF, peak vertical force; P/T index, pelvic/thoracic index; VI, vertical impulse; BW, body weight; s, second.
HCPI (%) = 100% × total index score/maximum possible index score of the answered questions.
a − cp-value of < 0.05 from the Bonferroni correction, p-value* from repeated measure analysis, p-value** from generalized linear mixed model.