Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 Apr 20;14:1116426. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1116426

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2023 Choi, Lee, Kim, Jeong and Shim

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

The lignin biosynthesis pathway from phenylalanine in plants. PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; PTAL, phenylalanine tyrosine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase; 4CL, 4-Coumarate: CoA ligase; CCR, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; HCT, quinate/shikimate p-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase; C3’H, p-coumaroylshikimate 3’-hydroxylase; C3H, coumarate 3-hydroxylase; CSE, caffeoyl shikimate esterase; CCoAOMT, caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; F5H, ferulate 5-hydroxylase; COMT, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase; CAD, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; PMT, p-coumaroyl-CoA:monolignol transferase; LAC, laccase; PRX, peroxidase. Arabidopsis LACs involved in lignification of vascular tissue are illustrated on the bottom. The figure was created with Biorender (http://biorender.com).