TABLE 1.
Molecular structure, enzymatic activity, regulators, localization, and tissue expression patterns of sirtuins.
| Classes | Enzymatic activity | Inhibitors | Activators | Primary locallization | High expressed organs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | SIRT1 
|
deacetylase | EX527 (Dai et al., 2018), Sirtinol (Grozinger et al., 2001), Suramin (Trapp et al., 2007), Tenovin (Botta et al., 2012), Salermide (Lara et al., 2009), Compound 15e (Sundriyal et al., 2017), SirReal2 (Eid et al., 2022), ELT-11c (Disch et al., 2013), Compound 8 (Mahajan et al., 2014), Compound 28e (Yang et al., 2017b), UBCS0137 (Sundriyal et al., 2017), 3′-(3-fluoro-phenethyloxy)-2-anilinobenzamide (Suzuki et al., 2012) | SRT2104 (Milne et al., 2007), Resveratrol (Dai et al., 2018), SRT1720 (Milne et al., 2007), SRT3657 (Gräff et al., 2013), SRT1460 (Pacholec et al., 2010), SRT2183 (Pacholec et al., 2010), piceatannol (Gertz et al., 2012), 1,4-DHP derivative (Mai et al., 2009), Ainsliadimer C (Chen et al., 2022c), Scopolin (Yoo et al., 2017), Tenovin-6 (Ladds et al., 2020), CAY10602 (Nayagam et al., 2006), YK-3-237 (Ponnusamy et al., 2015), Nicotinamide riboside (Ponnusamy et al., 2015), Agrimol B (Hnit et al., 2021), Butein (Zhang et al., 2015), Ophiopogonin D' (Wang et al., 2017a) | nuclear | B, E, H, K, Lu, O, SM, U Chang and Guarente, (2014) |
SIRT2 
|
deacetylase | AGK2 (Outeiro et al., 2007), Sirtinol (Grozinger et al., 2001), ELT-11c (Disch et al., 2013), Thiomyristoyl (Jing et al., 2016), SirReal2 (Rumpf et al., 2015a), Salermide (Lara et al., 2009), UBCS0137 (Sundriyal et al., 2017), Compound 15e (Sundriyal et al., 2017), Compound 28e (Yang et al., 2017b), Compound 8 (Mahajan et al., 2014), 3′-(3-fluoro-phenethyloxy)-2-anilinobenzamide (Suzuki et al., 2012) | SRT1720(65), 1,4-DHP derivative (Mai et al., 2009) | cytosol | B, E, Li, Lu, P, SM Gomes et al., (2015) | |
SIRT3 
|
deacetylase | SirReal2 (Rumpf et al., 2015a), Compound 15e (Sundriyal et al., 2017), CHIC35 (Rumpf et al., 2015b), UBCS0137 (Sundriyal et al., 2017), ELT-11c (Disch et al., 2013), Compound 28e (Yang et al., 2017b), Compound 8 (Mahajan et al., 2014) | 3-TYP (Pi et al., 2015),CrocinⅠ (Xiao et al., 2019), piceatannol (Gertz et al., 2012), Resveratrol (Dai et al., 2018), 1,4-DHP derivative (Mai et al., 2009) | mitochondria | H, E, Li, SM Shi et al., (2005) | |
| II | SIRT4 
|
deacetylase & ADP-ribosylation | Tunicamycin (Akkulak and Yalcin, 2022), SirReal2 (Rumpf et al., 2015a) | _ | mitochondria | B, E, H, K, Li (Haigis et al., 2006; Mathias et al., 2014) |
| III | SIRT5 
|
deacetylase | Suramin (Wang et al., 2017b), NRD167 (Li and Melnick, 2021), | MC3138 (Hu et al., 2021), piceatannol (Gertz et al., 2012), Resveratrol (Dai et al., 2018), UBCS039(64) | mitochondria | B, E, H, K, Li, Th Rardin et al., (2013) Nakamura et al., (2008); Park et al., (2013); Kumar and Lombard, (2018) |
| MC3482 (Polletta et al., 2015), SirReal2 (Rumpf et al., 2015a), UBCS0137 (Sundriyal et al., 2017) | ||||||
| IV | SIRT6 
|
deacetylase & ADP-ribosylation | Compound 1 (Dai et al., 2018), SirReal2 (Rumpf et al., 2015a), OSS_128167 (Zou et al., 2021) | UBCS039(64) | nuclear | B, E, H, K, SM Korotkov et al., (2021) |
SIRT7 
|
deacetylase | SIRT7 inhibitor 97491 (Kim et al., 2019) | _ | nuclear | E, Li, Te Li et al., (2019) | |
Abbreviation: B, brain; E, embryon; H, heart; K, kidney; Li, Liver; Lu, Lung; O, ovary; P, pancreatic; SM, skeletal muscle; Te, Testicles; Th, Thymus; U, uterus.