Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristics | Overall (n=1,936) |
Patients with outcome (n=105) |
Patients without outcome (n=1,831) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years) | 67 (59,74) | 62 (55,71) | 67 (59,74) | <0.001 |
| Age of DM onset (years) | 66 (58, 73) | 61 (53, 70) | 66 (58, 73) | <0.001 |
| Age of DM onset category (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| < 58 years | 450 (23.2%) | 42 (40%) | 408 (22.3%) | |
| ≥ 58 years | 1486 (76.8%) | 63 (60%) | 1423 (77.7%) | |
| Sex (male, %) | 1,395 (72.1%) | 62 (59.0%) | 1,333 (72.8%) | 0.003 |
| Duration of diabetes (months) | 8.5 (1, 15) | 12 (7, 20) | 8 (1, 15) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes category (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| < 12 months | 1,306 (67.5%) | 50 (47.6%) | 1,256 (68.6%) | |
| ≥ 12 months | 630 (32.5%) | 55 (52.4%) | 575 (31.4%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.6 (23.6, 27.7) | 25.2 (22.9, 27.6) | 25.6 (23.7, 27.7) | 0.332 |
| BMI category (n, %) | 0.243 | |||
| < 24 | 563 (29.1%) | 38 (36.2%) | 525 (28.7%) | |
| 24 – 28 | 948 (49.0%) | 45 (42.9%) | 903 (49.3%) | |
| ≥ 28 | 425 (22.0%) | 22 (21.0%) | 403 (22.0%) | |
| Smoking status (n, %) | 0.605 | |||
| Nonsmoker | 990 (51.1%) | 50 (47.6%) | 940 (51.3%) | |
| Former smoker | 771 (39.8%) | 43 (50%) | 728 (39.8%) | |
| Current smoker | 175 (9.0%) | 12 (11.4%) | 163 (8.9%) | |
| Complications or comorbidities | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia (n, %) | 963 (49.7%) | 49 (46.7%) | 914 (49.9%) | 0.584 |
| HF (n, %) | 222 (11.5%) | 17 (16.2%) | 205 (11.2%) | 0.160 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 1,509 (77.9%) | 92 (87.6%) | 1,417 (77.4%) | 0.019 |
| Stroke (n, %) | 336 (17.4%) | 23 (21.9%) | 313 (17.1%) | 0.257 |
| Anemia (n, %) | 655 (33.8%) | 61 (58.1%) | 594 (32.4%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Insulin (n, %) | 652 (33.7%) | 51 (48.6%) | 601 (32.8%) | 0.001 |
| RAAS inhibitors (n, %) | 1060 (54.8%) | 68 (64.8%) | 992 (54.2%) | 0.044 |
| Physical and laboratory findings | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 135 (124, 149) | 144 (125, 159) | 135 (124, 148) | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78 (70, 84) | 80 (75, 90) | 78 (70, 84) | <0.001 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 97 (90, 104) | 101 (94, 113) | 96 (90, 103) | <0.001 |
| MAP category (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥ 100 mmHg | 744 (38.4%) | 58 (55.2%) | 686 (37.5%) | |
| < 100 mmHg | 1,192 (61.6%) | 47 (44.8%) | 1,145 (62.5%) | |
| WBC (×109/L) | 6.79 (5.65, 8.19) | 6.95 (5.77, 8.58) | 6.77 (5.63, 8.14) | 0.224 |
| HGB (g/L) | 134 (121, 145) | 120 (107, 136) | 134 (122, 146) | <0.001 |
| Serum ALB (g/L) | 39.8 (36.7, 42.8) | 36.7 (32.6, 40.2) | 39.9 (37.0, 42.9) | <0.001 |
| Scr (μmol/L) | 98 (90, 110) | 112 (99, 128) | 97 (90, 109) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mmol/L) | 6.8 (5.6, 8.3) | 8.5 (6.7, 10.4) | 6.7 (5.5, 8.2) | <0.001 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 379 (322, 443) | 387 (330, 464) | 378 (321, 442) | 0.138 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 52.2 (45.0, 57.6) | 45.5 (37.8, 53.6) | 52.5 (45.4, 57.7) | <0.001 |
| eGFR category (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| ≥ 90 | 72 (3.7%) | 3 (2.9%) | 69 (3.8%) | |
| 60 – 89 | 157 (8.1%) | 11 (10.5%) | 146 (8.0%) | |
| 45 – 59 | 1,223 (63.2%) | 41 (39%) | 1,182 (64.6%) | |
| 30 – 44 b | 484 (25.0%) | 50 (47.6%) | 434 (23.7%) | <0.001 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.44 (1.87, 3.12) | 2.74 (2.05, 3.48) | 2.43 (1.86, 3.10) | 0.005 |
| LDL-C category (n, %) | 0.007 | |||
| ≥ 2.6 | 833 (43.0%) | 59 (56.2%) | 744 (40.6%) | |
| < 2.6 | 1,103 (57.0%) | 46 (43.8%) | 1.087 (59.4%) | |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.13) | 0.96 (0.81, 1.17) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.12) | 0.798 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.12 (3.44, 5.03) | 4.96 (3.99, 5.74) | 4.09 (3.41, 4.98) | <0.001 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.64 (1.19, 2.35) | 1.99 (1.46, 2.79) | 1.63 (1.18, 2.33) | 0.002 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 7.0 (5.8, 8.9) | 7.2 (5.5, 9.7) | 7.0 (5.9, 8.9) | 0.641 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.6 (6.7, 8.9) | 8.1 (7.0, 9.9) | 7.5 (6.7, 8.8) | 0.003 |
| HbA1c category (n, %) | 0.086 | |||
| ≥ 7% | 1,299 (67.1%) | 79 (75.2%) | 1,220 (66.6%) | |
| < 7% | 637 (32.9%) | 26 (24.8%) | 611 (33.4%) | |
| TyG index | 9.16 (8.74, 9.64) | 9.34 (8.76, 9.99) | 9.16 (8.74, 9.62) | 0.012 |
| Urinary protein grade (n, %) | <0.001 | |||
| 0 – ± | 1,364 (70.5%) | 22 (21.0%) | 1,342 (73.3%) | |
| 1+ – 2+ a | 349 (18.0%) | 32 (30.5%) | 317 (17.3%) | |
| 3+ – 4+ a,b | 223 (11.5%) | 51 (48.6%) | 172 (9.4%) | |
a
represented that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the current category and the first category of the variable.
b
represented that there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the current category and the second category of the variable.